Endocrine II Flashcards
Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by […] plasma renin activity and […] plasma aldosterone concentration.
Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by low plasma renin activity and high plasma aldosterone concentration.
characterized by a PAC/PRA ratio > 20 and a PAC > 15 ng/dL
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Prior to thyroidectomy, patients with suspected MEN2A or MEN2B should be screened for […].
Prior to thyroidectomy, patients with suspected MEN2A or MEN2B should be screened for pheochromocytoma.
e.g. via plasma fractionated metanephrine assay; patients may elect to undergo RET mutation testing as well
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Psychiatric medications that are useful for pain management in diabetic neuropathy patients include TCAs, SNRIs, and […].
Psychiatric medications that are useful for pain management in diabetic neuropathy patients include TCAs, SNRIs, and anticonvulsants (e.g. gabapentin, pregabalin).
other treatment options include capsaicin and lidocaine
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Screening for diabetes is recommended in patients with a sustained blood pressure > […] mmHg and may be considered in all patients > 45 years old.
Screening for diabetes is recommended in patients with a sustained blood pressure > 135/80 mmHg and may be considered in all patients > 45 years old.
oral glucose tolerance test is the most sensitive
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Screening for diabetes is recommended in patients with a sustained blood pressure > 135/80 mmHg and may be considered in all patients > […] years old.
Screening for diabetes is recommended in patients with a sustained blood pressure > 135/80 mmHg and may be considered in all patients > 45 years old.
oral glucose tolerance test is the most sensitive
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Secondary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by […] plasma renin activity and […] plasma aldosterone concentration.
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by high plasma renin activity and high plasma aldosterone concentration.
characterized by a PAC/PRA ratio ~ 10
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The diagnosis of VIPoma is confirmed by a VIP level > […] pg/mL.
The diagnosis of VIPoma is confirmed by a VIP level > 75 pg/mL.
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The initial step in evaluation of Cushing syndrome is confirmation of hypercortisolism via one of the following tests…
- […]
- […]
- […]
The initial step in evaluation of Cushing syndrome is confirmation of hypercortisolism via one of the following tests…
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- 24-hour urine free cortisol (best initial test)
- Late-night salivary cortisol
- Overnight low-dose dexamethasone test
Tight blood glucose control in patients with diabetes is most likely to decrease risk of […]-vascular complications.
Tight blood glucose control in patients with diabetes is most likely to decrease risk of micro-vascular complications.
e.g. retinopathy and neuropathy; effect on macrovascular complications (e.g. MI, stroke) is uncertain
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Untreated acromegaly can cause […] myocardial hypertrophy (concentric or eccentric).
Untreated acromegaly can cause concentric myocardial hypertrophy (concentric or eccentric).
also can cause diastolic dysfunction, LV dilation, and global hypokinesis; complications include HF and arrhythmia
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What acid-base disturbance is associated with hyperaldosteronism?
Metabolic alkalosis
due to increased H+ secretion and increased HCO3- reabsorption
What additional risk factor(s) warrant initiation of statin therapy in a diabetic patient between age 40 - 75?
None. ALL diabetic patients should be started on statin therapy, regardless of other risk factors.
moderate- vs. high-dose statin therapy, however, does depend on risk factors
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What are the best markers for indicating resolution of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Serum anion gap and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels
What cardiovascular effect of thyrotoxicosis causes systolic hypertension?
Increased myocardial contractility and heart rate
inotropic/chronotropic effects due to direct effects of T3 on cardiac myocytes and blood vessels, as well as increased sensitivity to catecholamines (upregulation of beta-1 receptors)
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What class of diabetic drugs should be added to metformin in a patient with uncontrolled blood glucose that desires weight loss?
GLP-1 receptor agonists
sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and insulin are associated with weight gain; metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral
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What drug class may be used to treat hypercalcemia due to immobilization?
Bisphosphonates