Renal Pharm Drills Flashcards
What type of kidney stones are caused by excess consumption of vitamin C?
Calcium Oxalate
What type of kidney stones do you see if a patient takes too much probenecid?
Uric Acid Calculi
What type of kidney stones are seen in a patient who drank anti-freeze?
Calcium Oxalate
Treatment for Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones
- Hydration
- Hydroclorothiazide
SE of Furosemide
OH DANG
- Ototoxicity
- Hypokalemia
- Dehydration
- Allergy to Sulfa drugs
- Nephritis
- Gout
SE of Chorthalidone
- HYPOkalemic metabolic alkalosis
- HYPOnatremia
- HYPERglycemia
- HYPERlipidemia
- HYPERuricemia
What do we use Furosemide for?
- rapid diuresis
- Heart Failure
- Cirrhosis
- Pulmonary Edema
- HTN
Name the 3 Thiazide Diuretics
- hydrochlorothiazide
- chlorthalidone
- metolazone
Mannitol is contraindicated in what type of patients?
- Pulmonary edema
- CHF
Drug of choice for metabolic alkalosis?
Acetazolamide (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)
Mechanism behind acetazolamide in the treatment of glaucoma
decreases production of aqueous humor
Which diuretics cause metabolic acidosis?
- acetazolamide
- K+ sparing
What diuretics cause contraction alkalosis?
loop and thiazide diuretics
What diuretics increase the risk of calcium oxalate stones?
- Loops!!! (lose calcium)
Treatment for Urge Incontinence
- Timed Voiding (bladder training)
- Antimuscarinics
Treatment for Stress incontinence
Kegel Exercises
Treatment for Overflow Incontinence
- Catheterizations
- Direct muscarinic agonists
SE of ethacrynic acid
Ototoxicity (more than furosemide)
MOA of Spironolactone
competitive antagonist at aldosterone receptor in collecting duct
SE of Eplerone & Spironolactone
- hyperkalemia
- metabolic acidosis
Which diuretic do we use to treat Conn’s Syndrome?
Spironolactone or Eplerenone
What drugs cause acute interstitial nephritis?
PCNS
- penicillins
- cephalosporins
- NSAIDS
- sulfonamides
What drugs cause Respiratory Acidosis?
- opioids
- benzodiazepines
- barbiturates
all cause respiratory suppression
What bipolar drug is contraindicated with giving thiazides?
Lithium
Drug of Choice for Altitude Sickness/Acute Mountain Sickness?
Acetazolamide (CA inhibitor)
