Neuro Pharm Drills Flashcards
Which 3 anti-epileptics inhibit sodium channels?
- Phenytoin
- Carbamezapine
- Lamotrigine
Which anti-epileptic works directly on thalamic T-type calcium channels?
Ethosuximide
Name the two anti-epileptics that inhibit sodium and increase GABA?
- valproic acid
- topiramate
Which anti-epileptic works directly on alpha 2 delta calcium channels?
Gabapentin
Which anti-epileptic irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminases, and therefore increases GABA?
Vigabatrin
Name the 3 anti-epileptics that can cause neural tube defects?
- phenytoin
- valproic acid
- carbamazepine
What anti-epileptic is safe in pregnancy?
lamotrigine
Name the 4 anti-epileptics that can cause Stevens Johnsons Syndrome.
- Lamotrigine
- Ethosuximide
- Phenytoin
- Carbamezapine
What two drugs can be used for migraine prophylaxis?
- topiramate
SE: mental dulling (can’t find the words) - propanolol
What drug is first line in treating trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine
- Na channel blocker
What anti-epileptic can cause pseudolymphoma?
phenytoin
What anti-epileptic has a high risk of pancreatitis?
valproic acid
What drug is the first line treatment for absence seizures?
Ethosuximide
Name the 3 drugs that can cause DRESS syndrome.
- Phenytoin
- Carbamazepine
- Vancomycin
What is the initial treatment to stop a seizure?
BENZOS
(lorazepam, diazepam)
What do you need to monitor in patients taking carbamazepine?
CBC
- can cause agranulocytosis and SIADH
What drugs are contraindicated in acute intermittent porphyria?
barbiturates
(due to ALA synthetase effects - precipitates attacks)
What are the short acting benzos?
ATOM
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam (SE: anterograde amnesia)
What are the long acting benzos?
- diazepam
- chlordiazepoxide
What is the intermediate acting benzo?
Lorazepam
What drug is used to treat acute alcoholic hallucinations?
lorazepam
What drug can be used to treat diazepam toxicity?
flumazenil
MOA of Benzos
Increase frequency of Cl- channels in the GABA receptor
MOA of Barbs
Increase duration of Cl- channels in the GABA receptor
What drug is used to treat spasticity in MS and ALS patients?
Baclofen (GABA B agonist)
What drug is an orexin receptor antagonist?
Savorexant
- used to treat insomnia
Name a Melatonin 1 and 2 agonist
Ramelteon
- treats insomnia in older people
What drug increases survival in ALS patients?
Riluzole
(decreases glutamate toxicity)
What drug can get rid of an active cluster headache?
sumatriptan
- 5HT1b1d agonist
- constricts blood vessels
Don’t give to those with prinzmetal angina or those on SSRIS
What drug is used for prophylaxis of cluster headaches?
Verapamil
What drug is used for migraine prophylaxis?
- propanolol (beta-blockers)
- topiramate
Name 3 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that are used to treat Alzheimers.
- donezapil
- rivastigmine
- galantamine
What drug inhibits the breakdown of dopamine in the brain; MOA-B inhibitor?
*Parkinson’s Treatment
Selegiline
What drugs inhibit breakdown of dopamine in the brain; COMT inhibitors?
*Parkinson’s Treatment
- Entocapone
- Tolcapone
blocks the conversion of dopamine to 3-methoxytryamine
What drugs are used to reduce tremor and treat rigidity in Parkinson’s patients?
- Benztropine
- Trihexyphenidyl
(both are antimuscarinics)
Drug of choice for a neonatal seizure?
Phenobarbital
What test do you need to order for valproic acid?
Liver Function Tests
Which benzodiazepines are safe for the the liver?
LOT
- lorazepam
- oxazepam
- temazepam
What drug causes Livedo Reticularis?
Amantadine
Reversal for Zaleplon overdose?
Flumazenil
What drug works on the GABAbz-1?
- Zolpidem
- Zaleplon
What drugs cause Malignant Hyperthermia?
- inhaled anesthetics (-flurane)
- succinylcholine
How do you treat Malignant hyperthermia?
dantrolene
*can also be used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome
MOA of dantrolene
inhibits the release of Ca2+ through the ryanodine receptors
What drugs can you use to treat Serotonin Syndrome?
- Benzos (lorazepam)
- Cyproheptadine
What syndrome causes lead pipe rigidity and hypotonia?
- Malignant Hyperthermia
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
What syndrome causes myoclonus and hyperreflexia?
Serotonin Syndrome
What can you give to a patient needing a dental procedure if they are allergic to lidocaine?
- benzocaine (ester)
- cocaine (ester)
How do inhaled anesthetics affect - BP, RR, CBF?
Decrease BP and RR
Increase CBF
MOA of Propofol
GABA- A Agonist
MOA of Ketamine
NMDA antagonist
ketamine is derived from PCP
MOA of Etomidate
GABA-A agonist
- cardioprotective
SE of Midazolam
anterograde amnesia
MOA of Thiopental
Barbiturate
SE: severe hypotension and respiratory depression
MOA of Succinylcholine
cholinergic agonist at the neuromuscular junction
What electrolyte imbalance can succinylcholine cause?
- hyperkalemia
- hypercalcemia
MOA of Rocuronium/Tubocurarine
cholinergic antagonist at the neuromuscular junction
SE of Opioids
- constipation
- sphincter of Oddi spasms
- myosis
- respiratory depression
Treatment for Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma
- direct muscarinic agonist (pilocarpine and carbachol)
What drug do you want to AVOID in acute closed angle glaucoma?
Atropine
MOA of Timolol
- relaxation of the ciliary muscle
- decreases aqueous humor synthesis
What is Latanoprost used to treat? + SE
- treats glaucoma
SE: eyelash growth; darkening of iris
MOA of Capsaicin
decreases Substance P
topical ointment
What drugs increase the risk for cataracts?
glucocorticoids
What are the two main causes of otitis externa?
- Pseudomonas
- Staph aureus
also knows as swimmers ear
How do you treat otitis externa?
fluroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
What is the main cause of otitis media?
Strep pneumo
How do you treat otitis media?
macrolide (azithromycin)
What are the 2 main drugs to treat Glioblastoma Multiforme?
carmustine and lomustine
Treatment for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Acetozolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
