Endocrine Review Flashcards
1
Q
2nd Messenger for GnRH
A
IP3
2
Q
2nd Messenger for TRH
A
IP3
3
Q
2nd Messenger for GHRH
A
IP3
4
Q
2nd Messenger for ADH
A
IP3
5
Q
2nd Messenger for Oxytocin
A
IP3
6
Q
2nd Messenger for Glucagon
A
cAMP
7
Q
2nd Messenger for FSH
A
cAMP
8
Q
2nd Messenger for LH
A
cAMP
9
Q
2nd Messenger for ACTH
A
cAMP
10
Q
2nd Messenger for TSH
A
cAMP
11
Q
2nd Messenger for CRH
A
cAMP
12
Q
2nd Messenger for Calcitonin
A
cAMP
13
Q
2nd Messenger for PTH
A
cAMP
14
Q
Name the 4 hormones released from the hypothalamus
A
- GnRH
- TRH
- CRH
- Dopamine
15
Q
Name the 2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary
A
- ADH (vasopressin)
- Oxytocin
16
Q
Name 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary
A
FLAT PiG
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
- Prolactin
- GH
17
Q
Name the 3 hormones released from the pancreas and the cells that release them.
A
Insulin (beta)
Glucagon (alpha)
Somatostatin (delta)
18
Q
Name the hormones released from the adrenal cortex and where.
A
Go Find Rex. Make Good Sex.
- Glomerulus (mineralocorticoids/aldosterone)
- Fasiculata (glucocorticoids/cortisol)
- Reticularis (sex hormones)
19
Q
In the pituitary, what hormones are released from BASOPHILS?
A
B-FLAT
- FSH
- LSH
- ACTH
- TSH
20
Q
In the pituitary, what hormones are released from ACIDOPHILS?
A
GH, Prolactin (PiG)
21
Q
What hormones inhbits prolactin?
A
dopamine
22
Q
What hormone can inhibit both GH and TSH?
A
somatostatin
23
Q
Where does ADH work in the body?
A
collecting duct
24
Q
What is the MOA of ADH?
A
- increases H20 reabsorption in the collecting duct in order to concentrate urine
- increase urine specific gravity
- decrease serum osmolality
25
Name the condition:
- Inability to concentrate urine
- Even when deprived of water, urine osmolality does not increase
Diabetes Insipidus (due to a lack of ADH)
- very dilute urine
- high serum osmolality (> 290)
26
Name the condition:
- weight gain
- fluid retention
- hypertonic urine
SIADH (too much ADH)
27
How do you screen for a GH secreting tumor?
OGTT - oral glucose tolerance test
*Glucose can suppress GH secretion by the pituitary
28
Name the Condition:
- Young boy; extremely tall for his age and increased body mass
Gigantism (increased GH PRIOR too fusion of epiphysis)
29
Name the Condition:
- 50 y/o man with enlarged hands/feet, coarse facial hair, and diffuse sweating
Acromegaly (increased GH after the fusion of the growth plates)
30
What is the affect of octreotide on GH?
Octreotide INHIBITS GH
- agonist of somatostatin
31
Name the condition
- postpartum hemorrhagic infarction; excessive bleeding after giving birth
- decreased lactation
Sheehan Syndrome
32
Name the Condition
- Hyperglycemia
- Fat
- DVTs
Cushing Disease
- ACTH secreting tumor in the anterior pituitary
33
Name the 4 functions of T3
4 B's
- Brain maturation
- bone growth
- Beta adrenergic effect
- increased BMR (basal metabolic rate)
34
Patient comes in with a mass on the midline of the neck that moves when he swallows, what is it?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
35
Patient comes in with a hard mass on the midline of the neck that does not move when he swallows, what is it?
Riedel's Thyroiditis
36
Name the Thyroiditis
- colloid scalloped
- pretibial myedema
Grave's Diease
- palpitations
- weight loss
- Exophthalmos
37
Name the Thyroiditis
- Hurthle Cells
- Germinal Centers
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
- hypothyroidism
- S/S: fatigue/weight gain
38
Name the Thyroiditis
- Painful thyroid (swollen/tender)
- Viral infection
- Multinucleated giant cells
DeQuevain's Thyroiditis
39
If a patient comes in and has “necrolytic migratory rash”, DVTs, weight loss, diarrhea?
Glucagonoma
40
Organs associated with MEN1
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Pituitary
41
Neoplasms associated with MEN2A
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Parathyroid adenoma
42
Neoplams/Conditions associated with MEN2B
Marfanoid habitus
Pheochromocytoma
43
Name the Condition:
- pulsating blood pressure (high one minute, and low the next)
- VMA in urine
Pheochromocytoma
44
Name the two drugs used to diagnosis vs. treat Pheochromocytoma.
Test/Diagnose: phentolamine
Treat: phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
45
Name the Condition
- Increased TSH
- Decreased T3/T4
Hypothyroidism
46
Name the Condition
- Decreased TSH
- Increased T3/T4
Hyperthyroidism
47
Name the Neoplasm.
- HVA in urine
- Bilateral masses that cross midline
- seen in children
Neuroblastoma (N-MYC)
48
Name the Condition
- ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
- Occurs due to a prior surgery in the brain.
- Common Presentation: Hyperpigmentation
Nelson's Syndrome
49
Name the Condition
- Low Cortisol
- Low Aldosterone
- High ACTH (turns into MSH)
- Hyperpigmentation
Addison's Disease
50
Name the 2 HLA genes associated with Type 1 DM
HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4
51
Name the Carcinoma
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- BRAF mutation
- Psammoma bodies
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
52
Name the Carcinoma
- Calcitonin increased
- Parafollicular “C” Cells
- RET mutation
- Amyloid stroma (congo red)
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
53
Name the Carcinoma
- invasion of the tumor capsule
- uniform follicles
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
54
Name the Hormone
- activates osteoblasts --> activates osteoclasts --> increase bone breakdown
PTH (goal is to increase serum Ca2+)
- bad for bones!
55
Name the Hormone
- shuts down osteoclasts --> decreases bone resportion
Calcitonin (goal is to decrease serum Ca2+)
- Strong bones!
56
Name the Condition(s)
- Bone Pain
- Muscle Weakness
- decreased Vit. D
Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)
57
Name the Disease.
- low bone mass
- normal bone mineralization
- trabecular bone thinning
Osteoporosis
58
Name the Disease.
- decreased osteoclast resorption
- unmineralized spongiosa
Osteopetrosis (brittle bone disease)
59
Pt presents with short stature, round faces, short neck, and short fourth and fifth metacarpals. What is their diagnosis?
Pseudhypoparathyroidism
60
Facial nerve tapping illicits facial muscle contraction in what circumstance?
- Hypocalcemia
Chvostek's Sign
61
Hyperaldosteronism can lead to...
hypernatremia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
