Endocrine Review Flashcards
2nd Messenger for GnRH
IP3
2nd Messenger for TRH
IP3
2nd Messenger for GHRH
IP3
2nd Messenger for ADH
IP3
2nd Messenger for Oxytocin
IP3
2nd Messenger for Glucagon
cAMP
2nd Messenger for FSH
cAMP
2nd Messenger for LH
cAMP
2nd Messenger for ACTH
cAMP
2nd Messenger for TSH
cAMP
2nd Messenger for CRH
cAMP
2nd Messenger for Calcitonin
cAMP
2nd Messenger for PTH
cAMP
Name the 4 hormones released from the hypothalamus
- GnRH
- TRH
- CRH
- Dopamine
Name the 2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary
- ADH (vasopressin)
- Oxytocin
Name 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary
FLAT PiG
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
- Prolactin
- GH
Name the 3 hormones released from the pancreas and the cells that release them.
Insulin (beta)
Glucagon (alpha)
Somatostatin (delta)
Name the hormones released from the adrenal cortex and where.
Go Find Rex. Make Good Sex.
- Glomerulus (mineralocorticoids/aldosterone)
- Fasiculata (glucocorticoids/cortisol)
- Reticularis (sex hormones)
In the pituitary, what hormones are released from BASOPHILS?
B-FLAT
- FSH
- LSH
- ACTH
- TSH
In the pituitary, what hormones are released from ACIDOPHILS?
GH, Prolactin (PiG)
What hormones inhbits prolactin?
dopamine
What hormone can inhibit both GH and TSH?
somatostatin
Where does ADH work in the body?
collecting duct
What is the MOA of ADH?
- increases H20 reabsorption in the collecting duct in order to concentrate urine
- increase urine specific gravity
- decrease serum osmolality
Name the condition:
- Inability to concentrate urine
- Even when deprived of water, urine osmolality does not increase
Diabetes Insipidus (due to a lack of ADH)
- very dilute urine
- high serum osmolality (> 290)
Name the condition:
- weight gain
- fluid retention
- hypertonic urine
SIADH (too much ADH)
How do you screen for a GH secreting tumor?
OGTT - oral glucose tolerance test
*Glucose can suppress GH secretion by the pituitary
Name the Condition:
- Young boy; extremely tall for his age and increased body mass
Gigantism (increased GH PRIOR too fusion of epiphysis)
Name the Condition:
- 50 y/o man with enlarged hands/feet, coarse facial hair, and diffuse sweating
Acromegaly (increased GH after the fusion of the growth plates)
What is the affect of octreotide on GH?
Octreotide INHIBITS GH
- agonist of somatostatin
Name the condition
- postpartum hemorrhagic infarction; excessive bleeding after giving birth
- decreased lactation
Sheehan Syndrome
Name the Condition
- Hyperglycemia
- Fat
- DVTs
Cushing Disease
- ACTH secreting tumor in the anterior pituitary
Name the 4 functions of T3
4 B’s
- Brain maturation
- bone growth
- Beta adrenergic effect
- increased BMR (basal metabolic rate)
Patient comes in with a mass on the midline of the neck that moves when he swallows, what is it?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Patient comes in with a hard mass on the midline of the neck that does not move when he swallows, what is it?
Riedel’s Thyroiditis
Name the Thyroiditis
- colloid scalloped
- pretibial myedema
Grave’s Diease
- palpitations
- weight loss
- Exophthalmos
Name the Thyroiditis
- Hurthle Cells
- Germinal Centers
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
- hypothyroidism
- S/S: fatigue/weight gain
Name the Thyroiditis
- Painful thyroid (swollen/tender)
- Viral infection
- Multinucleated giant cells
DeQuevain’s Thyroiditis
If a patient comes in and has “necrolytic migratory rash”, DVTs, weight loss, diarrhea?
Glucagonoma
Organs associated with MEN1
Pancreas
Parathyroid
Pituitary
Neoplasms associated with MEN2A
Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Parathyroid adenoma
Neoplams/Conditions associated with MEN2B
Marfanoid habitus
Pheochromocytoma
Name the Condition:
- pulsating blood pressure (high one minute, and low the next)
- VMA in urine
Pheochromocytoma
Name the two drugs used to diagnosis vs. treat Pheochromocytoma.
Test/Diagnose: phentolamine
Treat: phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
Name the Condition
- Increased TSH
- Decreased T3/T4
Hypothyroidism
Name the Condition
- Decreased TSH
- Increased T3/T4
Hyperthyroidism
Name the Neoplasm.
- HVA in urine
- Bilateral masses that cross midline
- seen in children
Neuroblastoma (N-MYC)
Name the Condition
- ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
- Occurs due to a prior surgery in the brain.
- Common Presentation: Hyperpigmentation
Nelson’s Syndrome
Name the Condition
- Low Cortisol
- Low Aldosterone
- High ACTH (turns into MSH)
- Hyperpigmentation
Addison’s Disease
Name the 2 HLA genes associated with Type 1 DM
HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4
Name the Carcinoma
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- BRAF mutation
- Psammoma bodies
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Name the Carcinoma
- Calcitonin increased
- Parafollicular “C” Cells
- RET mutation
- Amyloid stroma (congo red)
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Name the Carcinoma
- invasion of the tumor capsule
- uniform follicles
Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma
Name the Hormone
- activates osteoblasts –> activates osteoclasts –> increase bone breakdown
PTH (goal is to increase serum Ca2+)
- bad for bones!
Name the Hormone
- shuts down osteoclasts –> decreases bone resportion
Calcitonin (goal is to decrease serum Ca2+)
- Strong bones!
Name the Condition(s)
- Bone Pain
- Muscle Weakness
- decreased Vit. D
Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)
Name the Disease.
- low bone mass
- normal bone mineralization
- trabecular bone thinning
Osteoporosis
Name the Disease.
- decreased osteoclast resorption
- unmineralized spongiosa
Osteopetrosis (brittle bone disease)
Pt presents with short stature, round faces, short neck, and short fourth and fifth metacarpals. What is their diagnosis?
Pseudhypoparathyroidism
Facial nerve tapping illicits facial muscle contraction in what circumstance?
- Hypocalcemia
Chvostek’s Sign
Hyperaldosteronism can lead to…
hypernatremia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis
