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Eagle Prep Review > Endocrine Review > Flashcards

Endocrine Review Flashcards

1
Q

2nd Messenger for GnRH

A

IP3

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2
Q

2nd Messenger for TRH

A

IP3

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3
Q

2nd Messenger for GHRH

A

IP3

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4
Q

2nd Messenger for ADH

A

IP3

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5
Q

2nd Messenger for Oxytocin

A

IP3

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6
Q

2nd Messenger for Glucagon

A

cAMP

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7
Q

2nd Messenger for FSH

A

cAMP

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8
Q

2nd Messenger for LH

A

cAMP

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9
Q

2nd Messenger for ACTH

A

cAMP

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10
Q

2nd Messenger for TSH

A

cAMP

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11
Q

2nd Messenger for CRH

A

cAMP

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12
Q

2nd Messenger for Calcitonin

A

cAMP

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13
Q

2nd Messenger for PTH

A

cAMP

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14
Q

Name the 4 hormones released from the hypothalamus

A
  • GnRH
  • TRH
  • CRH
  • Dopamine
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15
Q

Name the 2 hormones released from the posterior pituitary

A
  • ADH (vasopressin)
  • Oxytocin
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16
Q

Name 6 hormones released from the anterior pituitary

A

FLAT PiG
- FSH
- LH
- ACTH
- TSH
- Prolactin
- GH

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17
Q

Name the 3 hormones released from the pancreas and the cells that release them.

A

Insulin (beta)
Glucagon (alpha)
Somatostatin (delta)

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18
Q

Name the hormones released from the adrenal cortex and where.

A

Go Find Rex. Make Good Sex.

  • Glomerulus (mineralocorticoids/aldosterone)
  • Fasiculata (glucocorticoids/cortisol)
  • Reticularis (sex hormones)
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19
Q

In the pituitary, what hormones are released from BASOPHILS?

A

B-FLAT

  • FSH
  • LSH
  • ACTH
  • TSH
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20
Q

In the pituitary, what hormones are released from ACIDOPHILS?

A

GH, Prolactin (PiG)

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21
Q

What hormones inhbits prolactin?

A

dopamine

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22
Q

What hormone can inhibit both GH and TSH?

A

somatostatin

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23
Q

Where does ADH work in the body?

A

collecting duct

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24
Q

What is the MOA of ADH?

A
  • increases H20 reabsorption in the collecting duct in order to concentrate urine
  • increase urine specific gravity
  • decrease serum osmolality
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25
Q

Name the condition:
- Inability to concentrate urine
- Even when deprived of water, urine osmolality does not increase

A

Diabetes Insipidus (due to a lack of ADH)
- very dilute urine
- high serum osmolality (> 290)

26
Q

Name the condition:
- weight gain
- fluid retention
- hypertonic urine

A

SIADH (too much ADH)

27
Q

How do you screen for a GH secreting tumor?

A

OGTT - oral glucose tolerance test
*Glucose can suppress GH secretion by the pituitary

28
Q

Name the Condition:
- Young boy; extremely tall for his age and increased body mass

A

Gigantism (increased GH PRIOR too fusion of epiphysis)

29
Q

Name the Condition:
- 50 y/o man with enlarged hands/feet, coarse facial hair, and diffuse sweating

A

Acromegaly (increased GH after the fusion of the growth plates)

30
Q

What is the affect of octreotide on GH?

A

Octreotide INHIBITS GH
- agonist of somatostatin

31
Q

Name the condition
- postpartum hemorrhagic infarction; excessive bleeding after giving birth
- decreased lactation

A

Sheehan Syndrome

32
Q

Name the Condition
- Hyperglycemia
- Fat
- DVTs

A

Cushing Disease
- ACTH secreting tumor in the anterior pituitary

33
Q

Name the 4 functions of T3

A

4 B’s
- Brain maturation
- bone growth
- Beta adrenergic effect
- increased BMR (basal metabolic rate)

34
Q

Patient comes in with a mass on the midline of the neck that moves when he swallows, what is it?

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

35
Q

Patient comes in with a hard mass on the midline of the neck that does not move when he swallows, what is it?

A

Riedel’s Thyroiditis

36
Q

Name the Thyroiditis
- colloid scalloped
- pretibial myedema

A

Grave’s Diease
- palpitations
- weight loss
- Exophthalmos

37
Q

Name the Thyroiditis
- Hurthle Cells
- Germinal Centers

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
- hypothyroidism
- S/S: fatigue/weight gain

38
Q

Name the Thyroiditis
- Painful thyroid (swollen/tender)
- Viral infection
- Multinucleated giant cells

A

DeQuevain’s Thyroiditis

39
Q

If a patient comes in and has “necrolytic migratory rash”, DVTs, weight loss, diarrhea?

A

Glucagonoma

40
Q

Organs associated with MEN1

A

Pancreas
Parathyroid
Pituitary

41
Q

Neoplasms associated with MEN2A

A

Pheochromocytoma
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
Parathyroid adenoma

42
Q

Neoplams/Conditions associated with MEN2B

A

Marfanoid habitus
Pheochromocytoma

43
Q

Name the Condition:
- pulsating blood pressure (high one minute, and low the next)
- VMA in urine

A

Pheochromocytoma

44
Q

Name the two drugs used to diagnosis vs. treat Pheochromocytoma.

A

Test/Diagnose: phentolamine
Treat: phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)

45
Q

Name the Condition
- Increased TSH
- Decreased T3/T4

A

Hypothyroidism

46
Q

Name the Condition
- Decreased TSH
- Increased T3/T4

A

Hyperthyroidism

47
Q

Name the Neoplasm.
- HVA in urine
- Bilateral masses that cross midline
- seen in children

A

Neuroblastoma (N-MYC)

48
Q

Name the Condition
- ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma
- Occurs due to a prior surgery in the brain.
- Common Presentation: Hyperpigmentation

A

Nelson’s Syndrome

49
Q

Name the Condition
- Low Cortisol
- Low Aldosterone
- High ACTH (turns into MSH)
- Hyperpigmentation

A

Addison’s Disease

50
Q

Name the 2 HLA genes associated with Type 1 DM

A

HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4

51
Q

Name the Carcinoma
- Orphan Annie Nuclei
- BRAF mutation
- Psammoma bodies

A

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

52
Q

Name the Carcinoma
- Calcitonin increased
- Parafollicular “C” Cells
- RET mutation
- Amyloid stroma (congo red)

A

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

53
Q

Name the Carcinoma
- invasion of the tumor capsule
- uniform follicles

A

Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

54
Q

Name the Hormone
- activates osteoblasts –> activates osteoclasts –> increase bone breakdown

A

PTH (goal is to increase serum Ca2+)
- bad for bones!

55
Q

Name the Hormone
- shuts down osteoclasts –> decreases bone resportion

A

Calcitonin (goal is to decrease serum Ca2+)
- Strong bones!

56
Q

Name the Condition(s)
- Bone Pain
- Muscle Weakness
- decreased Vit. D

A

Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)

57
Q

Name the Disease.
- low bone mass
- normal bone mineralization
- trabecular bone thinning

A

Osteoporosis

58
Q

Name the Disease.
- decreased osteoclast resorption
- unmineralized spongiosa

A

Osteopetrosis (brittle bone disease)

59
Q

Pt presents with short stature, round faces, short neck, and short fourth and fifth metacarpals. What is their diagnosis?

A

Pseudhypoparathyroidism

60
Q

Facial nerve tapping illicits facial muscle contraction in what circumstance?

A
  • Hypocalcemia
    Chvostek’s Sign
61
Q

Hyperaldosteronism can lead to…

A

hypernatremia, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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