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Eagle Prep Review > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

Meds that Cause Agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine
Colchicine
Carbamazepine
Dapsone
PTU
Ticlopidine

CCCDPT

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1
Q

Lead Poisoning Inhibits….

A

ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

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2
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Symptoms

A

5 P’s
- pain in abdomen
- polyneuropathy
- psychological abnormalities
- pink/purple urine
- precipitated by drugs

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3
Q

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Symptoms

A
  • Tea colored urine (dark due to porphyrinogen in urine)
  • Photosensitivity
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4
Q

Microcytic Anemia with LOW ferritin

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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5
Q

Microcytic Anemia with NORMAL ferritin

A

FAST

F (ferritin)
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic Anemia
Thalassemia

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6
Q

Vit. B12 deficiency
____ Homocysteine
_____ MMA

A

Increased Homocysteine
Increased MMA

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7
Q

Folate deficiency
____ Homocysteine
_____ MMA

A

Increased Homocysteine
No change in MMA

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8
Q

Increased Reticulocytes … what time of anemia?

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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9
Q

Decrease Reticulocytes … marker of function for ___ ____ failure.

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

Lead Poisoning is what type of anemia?

A

Sideroblastic Anemia

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11
Q

Common Symptoms of Lead Poisoning

A
  • Blue Lead Lines
  • Developmental Delay in children

(Q will say something about old house or child eating paint)

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12
Q

Beta Thalassemia Major Symptoms

A
  • Chipmunk facies
  • Marked Hepatomegaly
  • Severe Anemia
  • BM expansion (crew cut appearance on x-ry)
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13
Q

Beta Thalassemia Treatment Options

A
  • Transfusions
  • Deferoxamine (iron chelator)
  • Hydroxyurea (increased HbF)
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14
Q

Beta Thalassemia Hb Types

A

HbA2 and HbF (no HbA)

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15
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia (AA substitution)

A
  • glutamine to valine
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16
Q

Most common cause of Osteomyelitis in people with Sickle Cell?

A
  1. Salmonella
  2. Staph Aureus
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17
Q

Sickle Cell Crisis Treatment (Acute Chest Syndrome)

A
  • Oxygen
  • Hydration
  • Hydroxyurea (increase HbF)
  • manage pain
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18
Q

Myelofibrosis RBC Shape

A

tear drop cells

19
Q

Prednisone can cause what type of Anemia?

A

Hemolytic Anemia
- Increases Rct count

  • Decreased Haptoglobin
  • Increased LDH and bilirubin
20
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Defects

A

spectrin/ankyrin
- Small, round RBC’s with NO central pallor

21
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Definitive Diagnostic Test

A

+ Osmotive Fragility

22
Q

Treatment from Hereditary Spherocytosis

A
  • Splenectomy
  • can also give folic acid to prevent aplastic anemia development
23
Q

PNH Mutation

A

PIG-A gene

24
PNH uses GPI for __ and __ anchoring
CD55 and CD59
25
PNH lacks __ and __ on flow cytometry
CD55 and CD59
26
G6PD Hemolysis has decreased ____.
NADPH - low NADPH; inability to maintain glutathione in a reduced state
27
G6PD Inheritance Pattern
X-linked recessive
28
G6PD can be exhasterbated by...
- oxidative stress (fava beans) - Meds (primaquine, dapsone, bactrim)
29
Increase ___ = Increased viscosity
HCT
30
Increases HCT/Viscosity in...
- polycythemia vera - hereditary spherocytosis - multiple myeloma
31
Name this Disorder - Increase HCT - Normal RBC mass
Relative (stress) Erythrocytosis - most commonly due to dehydration
32
Name this Disorder - Increase HCT - Increase RBC mass - Increase WBC - Increase Platelents
- Polycythemia Vera (JAK-STAT mutation) or - Chronic Hypoxia (COPD) - Renal tunors
33
Athletes can get Erythrocytosis by...
anabolic steroids
34
Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia - extensive bleeds - coag cascade activated - PT and PTT prolonged; low fibrinogen - increased fibrin and degradation products
DIC degradation products = d-dimer
35
Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia - fever + neurologic + thrombocytopenia - NO bleeding - O157:H7 Shigella toxin
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
36
Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia - fever + neurologic + thrombocytopenia - isolated activation of platelets -normal PT and aPTT
TTP
37
____ skin necrosis - patients with protein __ and __ deficiency
Warfarin - protein C and S deficiency
38
Vit. K deficiency = decreased __ ______
gamma carboxylation
39
2 Vitamins babys are low in in?
- Vit. K and Vit. D
40
Use a ristocetin assay to test for....
vWF deficiency
41
Name this Disease - normal PT - Prolonged PTT - Increased Bleeding Time - most common hereditary blood disorder
vWF deficiency
42
vWF binds to ___ on endothelium in order to mediate ____ adhesion.
- binds to COLLAGEN - mediates PLATELET adhesion
43
What drug activates antithrombin III?
Heparin
44
Name the Drug - acetylates and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) - increases bleeding time
Aspirin
45
Name the Drug - inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors
clopidogrel and ticlopidine
46
Name the drug - monoclonal antibody that bind to the glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets; prevents platelet aggregation
Abciximab

Eagle Prep Review (23 decks)

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