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Eagle Prep Review > Heme > Flashcards

Heme Flashcards

1
Q

Meds that Cause Agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine
Colchicine
Carbamazepine
Dapsone
PTU
Ticlopidine

CCCDPT

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1
Q

Lead Poisoning Inhibits….

A

ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase

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2
Q

Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Symptoms

A

5 P’s
- pain in abdomen
- polyneuropathy
- psychological abnormalities
- pink/purple urine
- precipitated by drugs

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3
Q

Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Symptoms

A
  • Tea colored urine (dark due to porphyrinogen in urine)
  • Photosensitivity
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4
Q

Microcytic Anemia with LOW ferritin

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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5
Q

Microcytic Anemia with NORMAL ferritin

A

FAST

F (ferritin)
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic Anemia
Thalassemia

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6
Q

Vit. B12 deficiency
____ Homocysteine
_____ MMA

A

Increased Homocysteine
Increased MMA

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7
Q

Folate deficiency
____ Homocysteine
_____ MMA

A

Increased Homocysteine
No change in MMA

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8
Q

Increased Reticulocytes … what time of anemia?

A

Hemolytic Anemia

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9
Q

Decrease Reticulocytes … marker of function for ___ ____ failure.

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

Lead Poisoning is what type of anemia?

A

Sideroblastic Anemia

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11
Q

Common Symptoms of Lead Poisoning

A
  • Blue Lead Lines
  • Developmental Delay in children

(Q will say something about old house or child eating paint)

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12
Q

Beta Thalassemia Major Symptoms

A
  • Chipmunk facies
  • Marked Hepatomegaly
  • Severe Anemia
  • BM expansion (crew cut appearance on x-ry)
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13
Q

Beta Thalassemia Treatment Options

A
  • Transfusions
  • Deferoxamine (iron chelator)
  • Hydroxyurea (increased HbF)
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14
Q

Beta Thalassemia Hb Types

A

HbA2 and HbF (no HbA)

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15
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia (AA substitution)

A
  • glutamine to valine
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16
Q

Most common cause of Osteomyelitis in people with Sickle Cell?

A
  1. Salmonella
  2. Staph Aureus
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17
Q

Sickle Cell Crisis Treatment (Acute Chest Syndrome)

A
  • Oxygen
  • Hydration
  • Hydroxyurea (increase HbF)
  • manage pain
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18
Q

Myelofibrosis RBC Shape

A

tear drop cells

19
Q

Prednisone can cause what type of Anemia?

A

Hemolytic Anemia
- Increases Rct count

  • Decreased Haptoglobin
  • Increased LDH and bilirubin
20
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Defects

A

spectrin/ankyrin
- Small, round RBC’s with NO central pallor

21
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis Definitive Diagnostic Test

A

+ Osmotive Fragility

22
Q

Treatment from Hereditary Spherocytosis

A
  • Splenectomy
  • can also give folic acid to prevent aplastic anemia development
23
Q

PNH Mutation

A

PIG-A gene

24
Q

PNH uses GPI for __ and __ anchoring

A

CD55 and CD59

25
Q

PNH lacks __ and __ on flow cytometry

A

CD55 and CD59

26
Q

G6PD Hemolysis has decreased ____.

A

NADPH
- low NADPH; inability to maintain glutathione in a reduced state

27
Q

G6PD Inheritance Pattern

A

X-linked recessive

28
Q

G6PD can be exhasterbated by…

A
  • oxidative stress (fava beans)
  • Meds (primaquine, dapsone, bactrim)
29
Q

Increase ___ = Increased viscosity

A

HCT

30
Q

Increases HCT/Viscosity in…

A
  • polycythemia vera
  • hereditary spherocytosis
  • multiple myeloma
31
Q

Name this Disorder
- Increase HCT
- Normal RBC mass

A

Relative (stress) Erythrocytosis
- most commonly due to dehydration

32
Q

Name this Disorder
- Increase HCT
- Increase RBC mass
- Increase WBC
- Increase Platelents

A
  • Polycythemia Vera (JAK-STAT mutation)
    or
  • Chronic Hypoxia (COPD)
  • Renal tunors
33
Q

Athletes can get Erythrocytosis by…

A

anabolic steroids

34
Q

Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia
- extensive bleeds
- coag cascade activated
- PT and PTT prolonged; low fibrinogen
- increased fibrin and degradation products

A

DIC

degradation products = d-dimer

35
Q

Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia
- fever + neurologic + thrombocytopenia
- NO bleeding
- O157:H7 Shigella toxin

A

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

36
Q

Name this type of Hemolytic Anemia
- fever + neurologic + thrombocytopenia
- isolated activation of platelets
-normal PT and aPTT

A

TTP

37
Q

____ skin necrosis - patients with protein __ and __ deficiency

A

Warfarin
- protein C and S deficiency

38
Q

Vit. K deficiency = decreased __ ______

A

gamma carboxylation

39
Q

2 Vitamins babys are low in in?

A
  • Vit. K and Vit. D
40
Q

Use a ristocetin assay to test for….

A

vWF deficiency

41
Q

Name this Disease
- normal PT
- Prolonged PTT
- Increased Bleeding Time
- most common hereditary blood disorder

A

vWF deficiency

42
Q

vWF binds to ___ on endothelium in order to mediate ____ adhesion.

A
  • binds to COLLAGEN
  • mediates PLATELET adhesion
43
Q

What drug activates antithrombin III?

A

Heparin

44
Q

Name the Drug
- acetylates and irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2)
- increases bleeding time

A

Aspirin

45
Q

Name the Drug
- inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors

A

clopidogrel and ticlopidine

46
Q

Name the drug
- monoclonal antibody that bind to the glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets; prevents platelet aggregation

A

Abciximab

Eagle Prep Review (23 decks)

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