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Eagle Prep Review > Cardio Review > Flashcards

Cardio Review Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Murmur
- Wide Fixed S2

A

Atrial Septal Defect

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2
Q

Name the Murmur
- Continuous Machine-LIke

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosis

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3
Q

Name the Murmur
- Harsh Holosystolic

A

Ventricular Septal Defect

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4
Q

Name the Murmurs
- Systolic

A

MR. ASS
- Mitral Regurg
- Tricuspid Regurg.
- Aortic Stenosis
- Pulm. Stenosis

*also, VSD, ASD, and HOCM

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5
Q

Name the Murmurs
- Diastolic

A
  • Mitral Stenosis
  • Tricuspid Stenosis
  • Aortic Regurg.
  • Pulm Regurg.
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6
Q

Name the Murmur
- head bobbing

A

Aortic Regurg.

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7
Q

What valve closes during the first heart sound?

A

Mitral Valve
(tricuspid also closes)
- isovolumetric contraction
GOAL IN INCREASE LV PRESSURE

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8
Q

What valve closes during the second heart sound?

A

Aortic Valve
(pulm. valve also closes)
- isovolumetric relaxation begins
DECREASE PRESSURE IN VENTRICLES

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9
Q

Hand Grip INCREASES intensity of what murmurs?

A
  • Mitral Regurg.
  • Aortic Regurg.
  • VSD

increases afterload

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10
Q

Hand Grip DECREASES intensity of what murmurs?

A
  • HOCM

increases afterload

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11
Q

Valsalva/Standing up INCREASES intensity of what murmurs?

A

HOCM

increases preload

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12
Q

Valsalva/Standing up DECREASES intensity of what murmurs?

A

All except HOCM

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13
Q

Name the Heart Issue:
- pericardial friction rub

A

pericarditis

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14
Q

Name the Heart Issue:
- pericardial knock

A

constrictive pericarditis

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15
Q

Name the Heart Issue:
- palpable heave at apex

A

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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16
Q

Name the Heart Issue:
- left parasternal lift

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

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17
Q

What does this embryonic structure give rise to?
- Truncus Arteriosus

A
  • ascending aorta
  • pulmonary trunk
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18
Q

What does this embryonic structure give rise to?
- Primitive Atrium

A
  • trabeculated part of left and right atria
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19
Q

What does this embryonic structure give rise to?
- left horn of sinus venosus

A
  • coronary sinus
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20
Q

Heart Defect In…
- Turner’s Syndrome

A
  • Bicuspid Aortic Valve
    (coarctation of aorta)
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21
Q

Heart Defect In…
- Marfan’s Syndrome

A
  • Cystic Medial degeneration of the aorta
  • Aortic regurg.
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22
Q

Heart Defect In…
- Infant of a diabetic mother

A
  • transposition of great vessels
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23
Q

Heart Defect In…
- 22q11 Deletion (DiGeorge)

A
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
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24
Q

Heart Defect In…
- Down Syndrome

A
  • ASD, VSD
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25
Q

Heart Defect In…
- Congenital Rubella

A
  • Septal Defects
  • PDA
  • Pulm. Artery Stenosis
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26
Q

What is a plaque in a blood vessel wall?

A

atheroma

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27
Q

What is a plaque that has lipid-laden histocytes on/near the eyelids?

A

xanthomas

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28
Q

MOA of HMG-Coa Reducatase Inhibitors

A

inhibits cholestrol precursor (mevalonate)

statins

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29
Q

MOA of Niacin

A
  • activates hormone sensitive lipase
  • reduces VLDL synthesis
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30
Q

MOA of Bile Acid Resins

A
  • blocks intestinal bile reabsorption
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31
Q

MOA of Ezetimibe

A
  • blocks brush border cholesterol absorption
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32
Q

SE of Niacin

A
  • facial flushing
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33
Q

Name the class of drug:
- norepinephrine
- phenylephrine

A

alpha 1 agonist

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34
Q

Name the class of drug:
- clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist

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35
Q

Name the class of drug:
- norepinephrine
- isoproterenol
- dobutamine

A

beta 1 agonist

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36
Q

Name the class of drug:
- isoproterenol
- albuterol

A

beta 2 agonist

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37
Q

Name the class of drug:
- ACH
- nicotine
- carbachol

A

nicotinic cholinergic agonist

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38
Q

Name the class of drug:
- ACH
- muscarine

A

muscarininc cholinergic agonist

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39
Q

Name the class of drug:
- phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)
- phentolamine
- prazosin

A

alpha 1 antagonist

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40
Q

Name the class of drug:
- propanolol
- metoprolol

A

beta 1 antagonist

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41
Q

Name the class of drug:
- propanolol
- butaxamine

A

beta 2 antagonist

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42
Q

Name the class of drug:
- atropine

A

muscarinic cholinergic antagonist

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43
Q

Name 4 HTN drugs that are safe to use in pregnancy.

A
  • hydralazine
  • labetalol
  • nifedipine
  • methyldopa
44
Q

What type of patients are B-Blockers contraindicated in?

A
  • COPD (bronchospasms)
  • Diabetics (blocks hypoglycemia)
  • hyperkalemic pts. (increases K+)
45
Q

What type of patients are ACE-inhibitors contraindicated in?

A

pregnancy

46
Q

First step in reperfusion injury mechanism.

A
  • oxygen free radical generation
    (by endothelial cells)
47
Q

Histology 4-12 Hours after MI

A
  • wavy fibers
48
Q

Histology 28-48 Hours after MI

A
  • neutrophilic infiltrate
  • coag. necrosis
49
Q

Histology 3-10 Days after MI

A
  • MACROPHAGES
50
Q

Histology 2 Weeks after MI

A
  • granulation by macrophages
51
Q

C/I for Labetalol

A

Bradycardia

52
Q

Short acting drug for HTN emergency

A

Nitroprusside

53
Q

SE of Nitroprusside

A

Cyanide Poisoning

54
Q

Best drug to treat HTN and BPH

A
  • Prazosin
55
Q

Best drug to treat HTN and Osteoporosis

A
  • Hydrochlorothiazide
56
Q

Best drug to treat HTN and Recurrent Ca Stones

A

Thiazides

57
Q

Best drug for HTN and DM

A
  • ACE inhibitors
  • ARBS
58
Q

Arrows:

ACE Inhibitors

Renin, AT I, AT II, Bradykinin, Aldosterone, K+

A

Increase
- Renin
- AT I
- Bradykinin
- K+

Decrease
- AT II
- Aldo

59
Q

Arrows:

ARBS

Renin, AT I, AT II, Bradykinin, Aldosterone, K+

A

Increase
- Renin
- AT I
- AT II
- K+

Decrease
- Aldo
- Bradykinin

60
Q

MOA of milrinone

A

PDE-3 Inhibitor

61
Q

SE of Statins

A
  • muscle pains/cramps
62
Q

DOC for decreasing HDL

A

Niacin

63
Q

MOA of nicotinic acid

A
  • increases HDL
  • activates hormone sensitive lipase
64
Q

What type of murmur can rheumatic fever cause?

A

Mitral Stenosis

65
Q

Low Voltage QRS

A

cardiac tamponade

66
Q

How to treat rheumatic fever?

A

PCN

67
Q

Shifting Sinusoidal Waveforms

A
  • Torsades
    treatment: magnesium
68
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia in a 15 y/o

A

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

69
Q

Treatment for Cyanide Poisoning

A
  • Vitamin B12
  • Sodium Thiosulfate
70
Q

DOC for a pt with Hypertension and Asthma

A
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • ARBS
71
Q

DOC for a pt with Hypertension and Raynauds

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

72
Q

Name the diabetic agents that are cardioprotective

A
  • SGLT-2 inhibitors (flozins)
  • GLP-1 analogs (glutides)
73
Q

SE of Digoxin

A
  • yellowing of vision
  • nausea
  • vomitting
74
Q

Acute Management of MI

A

M - morphine
O - oxygen
N - nitroglycerin
A - aspirin
B - beta-blocker

75
Q

Treatment for propanolol overdose

A
  • atropine
  • saline
  • glucagon
76
Q

SE of Quinidine

A
  • Tinnitus/Vertigo
  • Prolonged QT
77
Q

SE of ibutilide/dofetilide

A

Prolonged QT

78
Q

What Beta Blocker increases QT interval?

A

Sotalol (Class III anti-arrhythmic)

79
Q

SE of Fibrates (i.e. gemfibrozil)

A
  • myopathy/myalgias
  • gallstones
80
Q

SE of Statins (i.e. atorvastatin)

A
  • myopathy
  • hepatotoxicity
81
Q

A pt is started on a new medication to tx his hypertension 2 months ago, now he comes in complaining of occasional dizziness, flushing, & persistent swelling of his feet for the past week. Exam shows 3+ pitting edema. What drug is he taking?

A

Amlodipine (Ca channel blockers)

82
Q

Treatment for Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

A

Procainamide

83
Q

Name the CYP 450 Dependent Meds

A

WEPT-D

  • Warfarin
  • Estrogen (OCPs)
  • Phenytoin
  • Theophylline
  • Digoxin
84
Q

Which lipid lowering agent increases triglycerides on labs?

A

Bile acid resins

85
Q

MOA of Digoxin

A
  • Directly inhibits Na/K ATPase
86
Q

Treatment for Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection

A

Esmolol

87
Q

What type of valvular disease is seen in EDS (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome)?

A

Mitral regurg/MVP (chordae tendinae rupture

88
Q

Embryologic derivative of cardinal veins

A

Superior Vena Cava

89
Q

Snowman (Figure 8) appearance is associated with what heart defect?

A

TAPVR - Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

90
Q

What supplies the SA and AV nodes of the heart?

A

SA/AV nodal branch off Right Coronary Artery

91
Q

What antiarrythymics modify Phase 0?

A

Class 1A antiarrhythimics

92
Q

Heart has a plop sound - what disease?

A

Atrial myxoma

93
Q

Delta Wave?

A

Wolff-Parkinson White Syndrome

94
Q

What is the name of the reentrant pathway?

A

Bundle of Kent

95
Q

Lithium causes what heart defect….

A

Ebstein’s Anomaly
(atrialization of the ventricle)

96
Q

Sawtooth P waves on EKG

A

atrial flutter

Treatment: anticoagulant

97
Q

Pseudo-right bundle branch block
- AD in Asian Males

A

Brugada Syndrome

98
Q

Dizziness + Syncope; Bradycardia with a Pause

A

Sick Sinus Syndrome
location: degeneration of SA node

99
Q

Vegetations on BOTH sides of the valve

A

Libbman-Sacks Endocarditis (SLE)

100
Q

Most common cardiac tumor in adults

A

METASTISIS

101
Q

benign, gelatinous mass (GAGS) in heart

A

Myxoma
(produces IL-6)

102
Q

Breathe In; BP drops (> 10 mm Hg)

A

Pulsus Paradoxus

103
Q

TTN gene

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

104
Q

“dropped beat”
P wave –> Absent QRS

A

Mobitz Type II

105
Q
  • P waves keep getting longer
  • drop QRS
A

Mobitz Type I

106
Q

P waves and QRS don’t align but
30 seconds later, they align and never see it again; How do you treat?

A

Pacemaker!!

Eagle Prep Review (23 decks)

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