Endocrine Pharm Drills Flashcards
Name the short acting insulin?
regular insulin
Name the long acting insulin(s).
- glargine
- detemir
Name the rapid-acting insulin(s).
LAG
- lispro
- aspart
- glulisine
What is the side effect of glulisine?
hypoglycemia
MOA of chlorpropamide?
1st gen sulfonylurea
Name the 1st gen. sulfonylureas (2)
- chlorpropamide
- tolbutamide
What are the 2nd gen. sulfonylureas? (3)
- glimepiride
- glipizide
- glyburide
What drugs inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in the PCT?
- flozins (SGLT-2 inhibitors)
What do we use NPH for?
Intermediate Insulin
Side effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors.
- dehydration
- weight loss
- glucosuria (UTIs)
Which diabetic agent is weight neutral?
DPP-4 inhibitors
- gliptins
What are the GLP1 analogs?
- Exenatide
- Liraglutide
- Semeglutide
SE of Exenatide
- nausea
- vomitting
- pancreatitis
- weight loss promotion
SE of Sitagliptin
- URI’s
- UTI’s
- Orthostatic HYPOtension
WEIGHT NEUTRAL*
MOA of acarbose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
Miglitol (MOA/SE)
MOA: alpha glucosidase inhibitor
SE: GI upset, bloating
Name the DPP-4 inhibitors. (3)
- gliptins
- Linagliptin
- Saxagliptin
- Sitagliptin
SE of Rosiglitazone
- weight gain
- edema
- increased risk of fractures
- HF
*takes 2 weeks for onset of side effects *
MOA of Propothiouracil (PTU)
- Thyroid Peroxidase inhibitor (TPO inhibitor)
- 5-deiodinase inhibitor
MOA of Methimazole
Thyroid Peroxidase Inhibitor
SE of Methimazole
- skin rash
- aplastic anemia
- hepatotoxicity
What drug(s) inhibit the peripheral conversion of thyroxine to thyronine?
PTU
SE of cinacalcet
Hypocalcemia
MOA of Sevelamer
Prevents Phosphate absorption from the GI tract
SE: GI upset, hypophosphatemia
What drug activates PPAR-Gamma?
glitazones
- pioglitazone
- rosiglitazone
What drug activates PPAR-alpha?
Fibrates
MOA of Repaglinide
Close K+ channels
Open Ca2+ channels
SE of Metformin
- Vit. B12 deficiency
- nausea/vomitting
- LACTIC ACIDOSIS
DOES NOT CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA
Contraindications in prescribing Metformin
- Kidney Failure
- increased lactate
MOA of Metformin
MGPD-1 inhibitor
(mitochondria!)
- increases insulin sensitivity and decreases insulin resistance
How do you treat DKA/HHS?
- Normal Saline (IV)
- Insulin
- K+ replacement
MOA of Liothyronine
T3 Hormone replacement
MOA of levothyroxine
T4 hormone replacement
SE of Liothyronine
- tachycardia
- heat intolerance
- arrhythmia
- tremors
Treatment for Central Diabetes Insipidus
Desmopressin
First line treatment for SIADH
Fluid restriction
MOA of Demeclocycline
ADH V2 antagonist
- in the kidneys
treats SIADH
What do we use cinacalcet for?
anyone who has hyperparathyroidism
MOA of Tolvaptan/Conivaptan
ADH V2 antagonist
What 3 diseases can be treated with Vasopressin?
- Diabetes Insipidus
- vWF deficiency
- Hemophilia A
Treatment for asymptomatic prolactinoma with a level of 40?
- Bromocriptine
- Cabergoline
dopamine agonists
SE of Demeclocycline
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Lithium can also cause this!
Treatment Option for Acromegaly
Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
Treatment Option for Gigantism
Octreotide (somatostatin analog)
What drug(s) do we prescribe for symptom control in patients with carcinoid syndrome?
- octreotide (somatostain analog)
- telotristat (tryptophane hydroxylase inhibitor
What are the two main side effects of octreotide?
- gallstones
- steatorrhea
What is the teratogenicity by methimazole?
aplasia cutis congenita
How do we treat primary adrenal insufficiency?
- Fludrocortisone (Aldosterone Analog)
Side Effects of Fludrocortisone
- HTN
- Hypokalemia
MOA of Cinacalcet
Sensitizes CaST in the parathyroid gland to circulating Ca2+
– leads to decreased PTH
SE of long term treatment on Prednisone
- osteoporosis
- Cushing Syndrome
Name the Drugs that cause Drug Induced Lupus
SHIP
- Sulfazoline
- Hydralazine
- Isoniazid
- Procainamide
