Neuro Flashcards
If there is an ASA occlusion, what is SPARED?
dorsal column
If there is a PSA occlusion, what is damaged?
dorsal column
One of the first signs of _____, is the slowing down of reflexes.UM
ALS
ALS causes damage to the ___ and _____
UMN and LMN
No loss to sensation!
GAA Repeats causes which disease?
Fredriech-Ataxia
If a brain tumor is described as “chicken wire” - what is it?
Oligodendroglioma
If a brain tumor has pseudopalisading nuclei - what is it?
glioblastoma
S-100 is in what brain tumor?
Schwannoma
If a brain tumor has Homer-Wright Rosettes, what type of tumor is it?
Medulloblastoma
If a brain tumor has Rosenthal Fibers, what type of tumor is it?
Pilocytic Astrocytoma
If a brain tumor has motor oil or brown fluid, what type of tumor is it?
Craniopharyngioma
- derives from Ranthke’s pouch
What virus causes microcephaly?
Zika
What disease has hammer toes + foot drop + PMP22 on CMT1A?
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
What syndrome has
hemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, angiomatosis, and pheochromocytoma?
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
- Chromosome 3
HARP mnemonic
What disease has Shagreen patches?
Tuberous Sclerosis
- also cardiac rhabdomyomas
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
What disease has calcified areas and periventricular plaques on MRI?
MS
What type of sensations are seen in MS?
shock like sensations
- comes and goes
What type of hydrocephalus is described as wet, wacky, and wobbly?
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Increased CSF
- ICP is normal
What type of dementia has a step wise decline?
Vascular Dementia
What disease has Hirano bodies in the Hippocampus?
Alzheimer’s Disease
characterized by someone who cannot remember things they have done forever - like drive home
What type of dementia is characterized by personality changes (sexual promiscuity or violence)?
Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick’s Disease)
What type of dementia is characterize by pill rolling tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait?
Parkinson’s Disease
What disease is characterized by CAG trinucleotide repeats?
Huntington’s Disease
caudate nucleus/putamen
What disease is characterized by choreiform movements and loss of Ach and GABA?
Huntington’s Disease
What type of headache is characterized by lacrimation and is one sided?
Cluster Headaches
What is the prophylaxis is for Cluster Headaches?
Verapamil
If someone has pain in the face after a ‘gust of wind’ or light brushing with hair, they have ____ _____
trigeminal neuralgia
Claw Hand
Ulnar Nerve
Wrist Drop
Radial Nerve
Winged Scapula
Long Thoracic Nerve
Deltoid Paralysis
Axillary Nerve
Erb Palsy or “Waiters Tip”
Musculocutaneous nerve
What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial Nerve
BEST
- brachioradialis
- extensors of wrist
- supinators
- triceps
What muscle is damaged if there is pain during abduction of the humerus?
Supraspinatus Muscle
What nerve everts and dorsiflexes the foot?
Peroneal (common fibular n)
PED
- Peroneal Nerve
- Everts
- Dorsiflexes
What nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?
Tibial Nerve
Can’t stand on TIP toes
- Tibial Nerve
- Inverts
- Plantar flexion
What nerve is damaged when there is a positive trendelenburg sign (hip drop)?
Superior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus medius muscle
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for repair, maintaining the blood brain barrier, and has the GFAP marker?
astrocytes
(GFAP - glutamate met.)
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for making CSF and lining the ventricles?
Ependymal cells
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for nerve re-innervation and peripheral myelin production?
Schwann Cells
Name the Tumor:
- GFAP +
- Pseudopalisading nuclei
(hemorrhage and necrosis)
Glioblastoma
also has a bilateral butterfly glioma
Name the Tumor:
- prolactin secreting
(bitemporal hemanopia)
Pituitary Adenoma
most commonly a Prolactinoma
Name the Tumor:
- Psamomma bodies
- Focal neurologic deficits
- Arachnoid cells external to brain
Meningioma
Name the Tumor:
- S-100 +
- associated with NF 2
- Involves CN VIII
- spindle shaped palasading cells
Schwannoma
Name the Tumor:
- Fried egg
(round nuclei w/ clear cytoplasm)
- Chicken Wire
Oligodendroglioma
Name the Tumor:
- most common tumor in child
- gradual increase in ICP
- causes facial sensory & motor defects
Astrocytic pilocytoma
Name the Tumor:
- causes hydrocephalus
- rosettes or perivascular pseudorosettes
Meduloblastoma
Name the Tumor:
- hydrocephalus
- perivascular pseudorosettes
- rod shaped blepharoplasts
Ependymoma
Name the Tumor:
- associated with VHL
- foamy cells
Hemangioblastoma
Name the Tumor:
- bitemporal hemanopsisa
- calcifications
- located in Rathke’s pouch
Craniopharyngioma
- von Recklinghausen’s disease
- on chromosome 17
- optic glioma
Neurofibromatosis 1
- on chromosome 22
- bilateral acoustic neuromas/schwannomas
- iris hamartomas
Neurofibromatosis 2
What nerve impingement can cause bowel and bladder dysfunction?
- Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4) Impingement
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Failure of the caudal neural tube to close
Spina bifida
What are the 3 main causes of Holoprosencephaly?
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Patau
- SHH
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates satiety
- destruction leads to hyperphagia
Ventromedial Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates hunger
- destruction leads to anorexia
Lateral Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates head dissipation
- destruction leads to hyperthermia
Anterior Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates heat conservation
- destruction leads to hypothermia
Posterior Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- secretes dopamine (inhibits prolactin)
Medial Preoptic Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- secretes ADH and a little oxytocin
Supraoptic Nuclei
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- circadian rhythm regulation
- pineal gland function
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
