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Eagle Prep Review > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

If there is an ASA occlusion, what is SPARED?

A

dorsal column

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2
Q

If there is a PSA occlusion, what is damaged?

A

dorsal column

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3
Q

One of the first signs of _____, is the slowing down of reflexes.UM

A

ALS

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4
Q

ALS causes damage to the ___ and _____

A

UMN and LMN

No loss to sensation!

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5
Q

GAA Repeats causes which disease?

A

Fredriech-Ataxia

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6
Q

If a brain tumor is described as “chicken wire” - what is it?

A

Oligodendroglioma

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7
Q

If a brain tumor has pseudopalisading nuclei - what is it?

A

glioblastoma

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8
Q

S-100 is in what brain tumor?

A

Schwannoma

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9
Q

If a brain tumor has Homer-Wright Rosettes, what type of tumor is it?

A

Medulloblastoma

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10
Q

If a brain tumor has Rosenthal Fibers, what type of tumor is it?

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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11
Q

If a brain tumor has motor oil or brown fluid, what type of tumor is it?

A

Craniopharyngioma
- derives from Ranthke’s pouch

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12
Q

What virus causes microcephaly?

A

Zika

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13
Q

What disease has hammer toes + foot drop + PMP22 on CMT1A?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

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14
Q

What syndrome has
hemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, angiomatosis, and pheochromocytoma?

A

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
- Chromosome 3

HARP mnemonic

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15
Q

What disease has Shagreen patches?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis
- also cardiac rhabdomyomas
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

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16
Q

What disease has calcified areas and periventricular plaques on MRI?

A

MS

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17
Q

What type of sensations are seen in MS?

A

shock like sensations
- comes and goes

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18
Q

What type of hydrocephalus is described as wet, wacky, and wobbly?

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Increased CSF
- ICP is normal

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19
Q

What type of dementia has a step wise decline?

A

Vascular Dementia

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20
Q

What disease has Hirano bodies in the Hippocampus?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

characterized by someone who cannot remember things they have done forever - like drive home

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21
Q

What type of dementia is characterized by personality changes (sexual promiscuity or violence)?

A

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick’s Disease)

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22
Q

What type of dementia is characterize by pill rolling tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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23
Q

What disease is characterized by CAG trinucleotide repeats?

A

Huntington’s Disease
caudate nucleus/putamen

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24
Q

What disease is characterized by choreiform movements and loss of Ach and GABA?

A

Huntington’s Disease

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25
What type of headache is characterized by lacrimation and is one sided?
Cluster Headaches
26
What is the prophylaxis is for Cluster Headaches?
Verapamil
27
If someone has pain in the face after a 'gust of wind' or light brushing with hair, they have ____ _____
trigeminal neuralgia
28
Claw Hand
Ulnar Nerve
29
Wrist Drop
Radial Nerve
30
Winged Scapula
Long Thoracic Nerve
31
Deltoid Paralysis
Axillary Nerve
32
Erb Palsy or "Waiters Tip"
Musculocutaneous nerve
33
What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?
Radial Nerve BEST - brachioradialis - extensors of wrist - supinators - triceps
34
What muscle is damaged if there is pain during abduction of the humerus?
Supraspinatus Muscle
35
What nerve everts and dorsiflexes the foot?
Peroneal (common fibular n) PED - Peroneal Nerve - Everts - Dorsiflexes
36
What nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?
Tibial Nerve Can't stand on TIP toes - Tibial Nerve - Inverts - Plantar flexion
37
What nerve is damaged when there is a positive trendelenburg sign (hip drop)?
Superior gluteal nerve *innervates gluteus medius muscle*
38
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for repair, maintaining the blood brain barrier, and has the GFAP marker?
astrocytes (GFAP - glutamate met.)
39
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for making CSF and lining the ventricles?
Ependymal cells
40
What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for nerve re-innervation and peripheral myelin production?
Schwann Cells
41
Name the Tumor: - GFAP + - Pseudopalisading nuclei (hemorrhage and necrosis)
Glioblastoma *also has a bilateral butterfly glioma*
42
Name the Tumor: - prolactin secreting (bitemporal hemanopia)
Pituitary Adenoma *most commonly a Prolactinoma*
43
Name the Tumor: - Psamomma bodies - Focal neurologic deficits - Arachnoid cells external to brain
Meningioma
44
Name the Tumor: - S-100 + - associated with NF 2 - Involves CN VIII - spindle shaped palasading cells
Schwannoma
45
Name the Tumor: - Fried egg (round nuclei w/ clear cytoplasm) - Chicken Wire
Oligodendroglioma
46
Name the Tumor: - most common tumor in child - gradual increase in ICP - causes facial sensory & motor defects
Astrocytic pilocytoma
47
Name the Tumor: - causes hydrocephalus - rosettes or perivascular pseudorosettes
Meduloblastoma
48
Name the Tumor: - hydrocephalus - perivascular pseudorosettes - rod shaped blepharoplasts
Ependymoma
49
Name the Tumor: - associated with VHL - foamy cells
Hemangioblastoma
50
Name the Tumor: - bitemporal hemanopsisa - calcifications - located in Rathke's pouch
Craniopharyngioma
51
- von Recklinghausen's disease - on chromosome 17 - optic glioma
Neurofibromatosis 1
52
- on chromosome 22 - bilateral acoustic neuromas/schwannomas - iris hamartomas
Neurofibromatosis 2
53
What nerve impingement can cause bowel and bladder dysfunction?
- Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4) Impingement *Cauda Equina Syndrome*
54
Failure of the caudal neural tube to close
Spina bifida
55
What are the 3 main causes of Holoprosencephaly?
- Fetal alcohol syndrome - Patau - SHH
56
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - mediates satiety - destruction leads to hyperphagia
Ventromedial Nuclei
57
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - mediates hunger - destruction leads to anorexia
Lateral Nuclei
58
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - mediates head dissipation - destruction leads to hyperthermia
Anterior Nuclei
59
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - mediates heat conservation - destruction leads to hypothermia
Posterior Nuclei
60
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - secretes dopamine (inhibits prolactin)
Medial Preoptic Nuclei
61
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - secretes ADH and a little oxytocin
Supraoptic Nuclei
62
Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei - circadian rhythm regulation - pineal gland function
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

Eagle Prep Review (23 decks)

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