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Eagle Prep Review > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

If there is an ASA occlusion, what is SPARED?

A

dorsal column

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2
Q

If there is a PSA occlusion, what is damaged?

A

dorsal column

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3
Q

One of the first signs of _____, is the slowing down of reflexes.UM

A

ALS

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4
Q

ALS causes damage to the ___ and _____

A

UMN and LMN

No loss to sensation!

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5
Q

GAA Repeats causes which disease?

A

Fredriech-Ataxia

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6
Q

If a brain tumor is described as “chicken wire” - what is it?

A

Oligodendroglioma

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7
Q

If a brain tumor has pseudopalisading nuclei - what is it?

A

glioblastoma

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8
Q

S-100 is in what brain tumor?

A

Schwannoma

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9
Q

If a brain tumor has Homer-Wright Rosettes, what type of tumor is it?

A

Medulloblastoma

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10
Q

If a brain tumor has Rosenthal Fibers, what type of tumor is it?

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma

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11
Q

If a brain tumor has motor oil or brown fluid, what type of tumor is it?

A

Craniopharyngioma
- derives from Ranthke’s pouch

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12
Q

What virus causes microcephaly?

A

Zika

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13
Q

What disease has hammer toes + foot drop + PMP22 on CMT1A?

A

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

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14
Q

What syndrome has
hemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, angiomatosis, and pheochromocytoma?

A

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
- Chromosome 3

HARP mnemonic

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15
Q

What disease has Shagreen patches?

A

Tuberous Sclerosis
- also cardiac rhabdomyomas
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

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16
Q

What disease has calcified areas and periventricular plaques on MRI?

A

MS

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17
Q

What type of sensations are seen in MS?

A

shock like sensations
- comes and goes

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18
Q

What type of hydrocephalus is described as wet, wacky, and wobbly?

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
- Increased CSF
- ICP is normal

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19
Q

What type of dementia has a step wise decline?

A

Vascular Dementia

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20
Q

What disease has Hirano bodies in the Hippocampus?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

characterized by someone who cannot remember things they have done forever - like drive home

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21
Q

What type of dementia is characterized by personality changes (sexual promiscuity or violence)?

A

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick’s Disease)

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22
Q

What type of dementia is characterize by pill rolling tremor, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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23
Q

What disease is characterized by CAG trinucleotide repeats?

A

Huntington’s Disease
caudate nucleus/putamen

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24
Q

What disease is characterized by choreiform movements and loss of Ach and GABA?

A

Huntington’s Disease

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25
Q

What type of headache is characterized by lacrimation and is one sided?

A

Cluster Headaches

26
Q

What is the prophylaxis is for Cluster Headaches?

A

Verapamil

27
Q

If someone has pain in the face after a ‘gust of wind’ or light brushing with hair, they have ____ _____

A

trigeminal neuralgia

28
Q

Claw Hand

A

Ulnar Nerve

29
Q

Wrist Drop

A

Radial Nerve

30
Q

Winged Scapula

A

Long Thoracic Nerve

31
Q

Deltoid Paralysis

A

Axillary Nerve

32
Q

Erb Palsy or “Waiters Tip”

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

33
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis?

A

Radial Nerve

BEST
- brachioradialis
- extensors of wrist
- supinators
- triceps

34
Q

What muscle is damaged if there is pain during abduction of the humerus?

A

Supraspinatus Muscle

35
Q

What nerve everts and dorsiflexes the foot?

A

Peroneal (common fibular n)

PED
- Peroneal Nerve
- Everts
- Dorsiflexes

36
Q

What nerve inverts and plantar flexes the foot?

A

Tibial Nerve

Can’t stand on TIP toes
- Tibial Nerve
- Inverts
- Plantar flexion

37
Q

What nerve is damaged when there is a positive trendelenburg sign (hip drop)?

A

Superior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus medius muscle

38
Q

What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for repair, maintaining the blood brain barrier, and has the GFAP marker?

A

astrocytes
(GFAP - glutamate met.)

39
Q

What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for making CSF and lining the ventricles?

A

Ependymal cells

40
Q

What PNS/CNS support cell is responsible for nerve re-innervation and peripheral myelin production?

A

Schwann Cells

41
Q

Name the Tumor:
- GFAP +
- Pseudopalisading nuclei
(hemorrhage and necrosis)

A

Glioblastoma
also has a bilateral butterfly glioma

42
Q

Name the Tumor:
- prolactin secreting
(bitemporal hemanopia)

A

Pituitary Adenoma
most commonly a Prolactinoma

43
Q

Name the Tumor:
- Psamomma bodies
- Focal neurologic deficits
- Arachnoid cells external to brain

A

Meningioma

44
Q

Name the Tumor:
- S-100 +
- associated with NF 2
- Involves CN VIII
- spindle shaped palasading cells

A

Schwannoma

45
Q

Name the Tumor:
- Fried egg
(round nuclei w/ clear cytoplasm)
- Chicken Wire

A

Oligodendroglioma

46
Q

Name the Tumor:
- most common tumor in child
- gradual increase in ICP
- causes facial sensory & motor defects

A

Astrocytic pilocytoma

47
Q

Name the Tumor:
- causes hydrocephalus
- rosettes or perivascular pseudorosettes

A

Meduloblastoma

48
Q

Name the Tumor:
- hydrocephalus
- perivascular pseudorosettes
- rod shaped blepharoplasts

A

Ependymoma

49
Q

Name the Tumor:
- associated with VHL
- foamy cells

A

Hemangioblastoma

50
Q

Name the Tumor:
- bitemporal hemanopsisa
- calcifications
- located in Rathke’s pouch

A

Craniopharyngioma

51
Q
  • von Recklinghausen’s disease
  • on chromosome 17
  • optic glioma
A

Neurofibromatosis 1

52
Q
  • on chromosome 22
  • bilateral acoustic neuromas/schwannomas
  • iris hamartomas
A

Neurofibromatosis 2

53
Q

What nerve impingement can cause bowel and bladder dysfunction?

A
  • Pudendal Nerve (S2-S4) Impingement
    Cauda Equina Syndrome
54
Q

Failure of the caudal neural tube to close

A

Spina bifida

55
Q

What are the 3 main causes of Holoprosencephaly?

A
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • Patau
  • SHH
56
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates satiety
- destruction leads to hyperphagia

A

Ventromedial Nuclei

57
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates hunger
- destruction leads to anorexia

A

Lateral Nuclei

58
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates head dissipation
- destruction leads to hyperthermia

A

Anterior Nuclei

59
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- mediates heat conservation
- destruction leads to hypothermia

A

Posterior Nuclei

60
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- secretes dopamine (inhibits prolactin)

A

Medial Preoptic Nuclei

61
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- secretes ADH and a little oxytocin

A

Supraoptic Nuclei

62
Q

Name the Hypothalamic Nuclei
- circadian rhythm regulation
- pineal gland function

A

Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

Eagle Prep Review (23 decks)

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