renal pharm

Question 1

osmotic diuretic, incr tubular fluid osm - incr urine flow - decr intracranial/intraocular pressure
use: drug OD, high ICP/intraocular pressure

Answer 1

mannitol

Question 2

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - self limited NaHCO3 diuresis & lowers total body bicarb stores
use: glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 2

acetazolamide

Question 3

sulfonamide loop diuretics; inhib co transport Na/K/Cl in TAL - abolish hypertonicicty of medulla - prevents conc of urine; simtulate PGE release (vasodilatory effect on aff. arteriole)
increase Ca excretion
use: edematous states, HTN, hypercalcemia

Answer 3

loop diuretics: furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

loops lose Ca

Question 4

phenoxyacetic acid deriv (not sulfonamide) with same action as loop diuretics
use: diuresis in pt allergic to sulfa

Answer 4

ethacrynic acid

Question 5

inhib NaCl reabsorpt in early DCT - less diluting capacity of nephron
decrease Ca excretion
use: HTN, HF, idiopathic hypercaliuria, nephrogenic DI, osteoporosis

Answer 5

thiazide diuretics

Question 6

diuretics that are competitive aldosterone antagon in cortical collecting tubule, spares K+ loss
use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, HF

Answer 6

spironolactone & eplerenone

Question 7

diuretics that act at cortical collecting tubule by blocking Na+ channels & spare K+ loss
use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depeltion, HF

Answer 7

triamterene, amiloride

Question 8

inhib ACE - decr ATII - decr GFR by preventing constriction of eff. arterioles
renin levels incr from neg. feedback inhib
prevents inactiv of bradykinin (potent vasodilator)
use: HTN, HF, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy

Answer 8

ACE inhibitors: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril

SE: cough

Question 9

selectively block binding of ATII to AT1 receptor - effects similar to ACE inhib but do NOT increase bradykinin (no cough)
use: HTN, HF, proteinuria, diabetic nephropathy w/ intolerance to ACE inhib

Answer 9

AT II Receptor Blockers: losartan, candesartan, valsartan

Question 10

direct renin inhibitor, blocks conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
use: HTN

Answer 10

Aliskiren