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Boards Pharm > Anti microbial Treatments > Flashcards

Anti microbial Treatments Flashcards

1
Q 
mostly used for gram pos- S. pneumo, S. pyogenes, Actinomyces
also for GNC- N. meningitidis
also for spirochetes- T. pallidum
bactericidal- GPC, GPR, GNC, spirochetes
penicllinase sensitive
A

PCN G

PCN V

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2
Q

extended spec PCN- H. influenze, H. pylor, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, shigella, enterococci
‘HHELPSS kill entercocci’
penicillinase sensitive

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

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3
Q

tx S. aureus EXCEPT MRSA

penicillinase resistant

A

Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

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4
Q

tx Pseudomonas & GNR

susceptible to penicillinase

A

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

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5
Q

bugs NOT covered by cephalosporins are LAME

A

Listeria
Atypicals- Chlamydia, Mycoplasma
MRSA (EXCEPT ceftaroline does cover MRSA)
Enterococci

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6
Q

Cephalosporins

cover GPC, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, K. pneumo

A

1st generation: Cefazolin, Cephalexin

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7
Q

used prior to surgery to prevent S. aureus wound infection

A

Cefazolin

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8
Q

Cephalosporins

cover GPC, H. influenzae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, K. pneumo, Serratia

A

2nd generation: Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

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9
Q

Cephalosporins

cover serious gram neg’s resistant to other B lactams

A

3rd generation: Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime

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10
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin used to tx meningitis, gonorrhea, disseminated Lyme

A

Ceftriaxone

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11
Q

3rd generation cephalosporin used to tx Pseudomonas

A

Ceftazidime

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12
Q

Cephalosprins

cover gram neg’s with higher activity against Pseudomonas & gram pos

A

4th generation: Cefepime

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13
Q

Cephalosporins
broad gram pos & gram neg coverage including MRSA
does NOT cover Pseudomonas

A

5th generation: Ceftaroline

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14
Q

cover GPC, GNR, anaerobes
wide spec
major SE limit its use for life threatening infections or if other drugs fail

A

Carbapenems: Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem

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15
Q

cover GNR only
NOT for gram pos or anaerobes
for PCN allergic or with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides

A

Monobactam: Aztreonam

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16
Q

covers gram pos only- serious, MDR bugs including MRSA, S. epidermidis, sensitive enterococcus, C. diff
oral dose for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Vancomycin

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17
Q

cover severe GNR (aerobes only)

synergistic with B lactam abx

A

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

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18
Q

cover Borrelia burgdorferi, M. pneumoniae
builds up intracell - works for Chlamydia & Rickettsia
also tx acne

A

Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

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19
Q

tx meningitis by H. influenze, Neisseria meningitidis, Strep pneumo
tx Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)
limited use d/t toxic SE

A

Chloramphenicol

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20
Q

anaerobic infections ABOVE diaphragm- Bacteroides, C. perfringens in aspiration pneumo, lung abscess, oral infections
works for invasive group A strep also
SE: C. diff colitis

A

Clindamycin

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21
Q

covers gram pos- MRSA, VRE

A

Linezolid

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22
Q

tx atypical pneumonia- Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella
STI’s- Chlamydia
GPC- strep in PCN allergic
B. pertussis

A

Macrolides: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

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23
Q

used in combo with sulfonamides to tx UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, P. jirovecii pneumonia tx/prophylx toxoplasmosis prophyl

A

Trimethoprim

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24
Q

covers gram pos, gram neg, Nocardia, Chlamydia, UTI

A

Sulfonamides- sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine

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25
Q

GNR of urinary and GIT including Pseudomonas, Neisseria, some gram pos

A

Fluoroquinolones- Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Enoxacin

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26
Q

tx S. aureus skin infection esp MRSA, bacteremia, endocarditis, VRE
NOT used for pneumonia (binds to & inactivated by surfactant)

A

Daptomycin

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27
Q

tx Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. diff)
use with PPI + Clarithromycin to tx H. pylori

A

Metronidazole

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28
Q

prophylaxis for M. tuberculosis

A

Isoniazid

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29
Q

tx for M. tuberculosis

A

RIPE

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

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30
Q

prophylaxis for M. avium intracellulare

A

Azithromycin, rifabutin

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31
Q

tx for M. avium intracellulare

A

Azithromycin or clarithromycin + ehtambutol

can add rifabutin or ciprofloxacin

32
Q

tx for M. leprae

A

tuberculoid: long term with dapsone + rifampin
lepromatous: dapsone + rifampin + clofazimine

33
Q

tx Mycobacterium tuberculosis
delays resistance to dapsone when used for leprosy
meningococcal prophyl in contacts of kids with Hib

A

Rifampin

Rifabutin

34
Q

tx MTB

only agent used solo as prophyl against TB

35
Q

tx for MTB, prodrug

A

Pyrazinamide

36
Q

tx for MTB

SE: optic neuropathy

A

Ethambutol

37
Q

used for high risk endocarditis undergoing surg or dental procedure

A

Amoxicillin

38
Q

used when exposed to gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone

39
Q

used for hx of recurrent UTIs

40
Q

used if exposed to meningococcal infection

A

Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Rifampin

41
Q

use for pregnant carrying group B strep

42
Q

use to prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis in newborn

A

Erythromycin ointment

43
Q

use to prevent post surg infection d/t S. aureus

44
Q

use for prophyl of strep pharyngitis in kid with prior rheumatic fever

A

Benzathine PCN G or oral PCN V

45
Q

use if exposed to syphilis

A

Benzathine PCN G

46
Q

prophyl for Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV pt with CD4 <200

47
Q

prophyl for Pneumocystis pneumonia/toxoplasmosis in HIV pt with CD4<100

48
Q

prophyl for M. avium complex in HIV pt with CD4<50

A

Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

49
Q

tx for MRSA

A

vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, ceftaroline

50
Q

tx for VRE

A

linezolid, streptogramins (quinupristin, dalfopristin)

51
Q

tx for MDR P. aeruginosa, MDR Acinetobacter baumannii

A

polymyxin B and E

52
Q

for serious systemic mycoses: crypto, blasto, coccidoides, histo, candida, mucor
intrathecal for fungal meningitis

A

Amphotericin B

53
Q

swish & swallow for oran candidiasis

topical for diaper rash or vaginal candidiasis

54
Q

for systemic fungal infection esp meningitis by Cryptococcus in combo with amphotericin B

A

Flucytosine

55
Q

for local & less severe systemic mycoses

for chronic suppression of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS pt & candida of all types

A

Fluconazole

56
Q

for local & less severe systemic mycoses

esp for Blasto, coccidioides, histo

A

Itraconazole

57
Q

for local & less severe systemic mycoses

esp for topical fungal infections

A

Clotrimazole, miconazole

58
Q

for dermatophytoses esp onychomycosis

A

Terbinafine

59
Q

for invasive aspergillosis & candida

A

Echinocandins: Anidulafungin, caspofungin, micafungin

60
Q

oral tx of superficial infections, inhib growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm)

A

Griseofulvin

61
Q

anti protozoan for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine

62
Q

anti protozoan for T. brucei (African Sleeping Sickness)

A

suramin & melarsoprol

63
Q

anti protozoan for T. cruzi (Chagas)

A

nifurtimox

64
Q

anti protozoan for leishmaniasis

A

sodium stibogluconate

65
Q

used to treat scabies and lice

A

permethrin, malathion, lindane

66
Q

tx plasmodial spp. other than P. falciparum

A

chloroquine

67
Q

tx for P. falciparum malaria

A

artemether/lumefantrine or atovaquone/proguanil

68
Q

tx for life threatening malaria in U.S.

69
Q

anti helminthic therapy

A

mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, praziquantel

70
Q

tx/prevent influenza A & B

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir

71
Q

for HSV and VZV, weak against EBV, NOT for CMV
for mucocutan/genital lesions & encephalitis by HSV
prophyl compromised pt.
no effect on latent virus

A

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir

72
Q

tx of herpes zoster

A

Famciclovir

73
Q

tx CMV in compromised

A

Ganciclovir

74
Q

tx CMV retinitis in compromised when ganciclovir fails

for acyclovir-resistant HSV

75
Q

tx CMV retinitis in compromised
for acyclovir-resistant HSV
long half life

76
Q

abx to avoid in pregnancy

A

Sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, clarithromycin, tetracyclines, ribavirin, griseofulvin, chloramphenicol

Boards Pharm (22 decks)

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