neuro pharm

Question 1

alpha1 agonist that decr aq humor synth via vasoconstriction

use: open angle glaucoma

Answer 1

epi

Question 2

alpha2 agonist that decr aq humor synth

use: open angle glaucoma

Answer 2

brimonidine

Question 3

beta blockers that decr aq humor synth

use: glaucoma

Answer 3

timolol, betaxolol, carteolol

Question 4

diuretic that decr aq humor synth via inhib of carbonic anhydrase
use: glaucoma

Answer 4

acetazolamide

Question 5

direct cholinomimetic that incr outflow of aq humor via contraction of ciliary m. & opening of trabecular meshwork
use: glaucoma

Answer 5

pilocarpine, carbachol

use pilocarpine in emergencies (very effective at opening meshwork into canal of Schlemm)

Question 6

indirect cholinomimetics that incr outflow of aq humor via contraction of ciliary m. & opening of trabecular meshwork
use: glaucoma

Answer 6

physostigmine, echothiophate

Question 7

PG that incr outflow of aq humor

use: glaucoma

Answer 7

latanoprost (PGF 2a)

Question 8

agonists at opioid receptors to modulate synaptic transmission - open K+ channels, close Ca channels - decr synaptic transmission
inhib release of ACh, Norepi, 5HT, glutamate, substanceP
use: pain, cough suppression, diarrhea, acute pulm edema, maintenance for heroin addicts

Answer 8

opioid analgesics: morphine, fentanyl, codeine, loperamide, methadone, meperidine, dextromethorphan, diphenoxylate, pentazocine

Question 9

opioid agonist at mu receptors

Answer 9

morphine

Question 10

opioid agonist at delta receptors

Answer 10

enkephalin

Question 11

opioid agonist at kappa receptors

Answer 11

dynorphin

Question 12

opioid that suppresses cough

Answer 12

dextromethorphan

Question 13

opioid that tx diarrhea

Answer 13

loperamide, diphenoxylate

Question 14

opioids used to manage heroin addicts

Answer 14

methadone, buprenorphine + naloxone

Question 15

kappa opioid receptor agonist & mu opioid receptor partial agonist
use: produce analgesia to tx severe pain, cause less resp depression than full opioid agonists

Answer 15

Butorphanol

Question 16

weak opioid agonist, also inhib 5HT & Norepi reuptake

use: chronic pain

Answer 16

tramadol

Question 17

blocks thalamic T type Ca channels

use: 1st line tx of absence generalized sz

Answer 17

EthoSUXimide

Sucks to have Silent/absent Seizures

Question 18

increases GABAa action

use: 1st line for acute status epilepticus, also for eclampsia sz

Answer 18

benzo’s: diazepam, lorazepam

Question 19

incr Na+ channel inactivation; zero order kinetics
use: 1st line for tonic clonic generalized sz; 1st line for acute status epilepticus; also used for simple & complex partial sz

Answer 19

phenytoin

Question 20

incr Na+ channel inactivation

use: 1st line for simple & complex partial sz; 1st line for tonic clonic generalized sz

Answer 20

carbamazepine

Question 21

incr Na+ channel inactivation, incr GABA conc by inhib GABA transaminase
use: 1st line for tonic clonic generalized sz; also used for simple & complex partial sz; used for absence sz & myoclonic sz as well; bipolar disorder

Answer 21

valproic acid

Question 22

inhib high voltage activated Ca channels; GABA analog

use: simple & complex partial sz

Answer 22

gabapentin

Question 23

increases GABAa action, 1st line in neonates

use: simple & complex partial sz, tonic clonic generalized sz

Answer 23

phenobarbital

Question 24

blocks Na+ channels, incr GABA action

use: simple & complex partial sz, tonic clonic generalized sz

Answer 24

topiramate

Question 25

blocks voltage gated Na+ channels | use: simple/complex sz, tonic clonic, absence

Answer 25

lamotrigine

Question 26

unknown- may modulate GABA & glutamate release | use: simple/complex, tonic clonic

Answer 26

levetiracetam

Question 27

incr GABA by inhib reuptake | use: simple & complex partial sz

Answer 27

tiagabine

Question 28

incr GABA by irreversibly inhib GABA transaminase | use: simple & complex partial sz

Answer 28

vigabatrin

Question 29

facilitate GABAa action by incr duration of Cl- channel opening - decr neuron firing use: sedative for anxiety, sz, insomnia, inducing anesthesia

Answer 29

barbiturates: phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, secobarbital

Question 30

facilitate GABAa action by incr frequency of Cl- channel opening, decr REM sleep shorter acting have higher addictive potential use: anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus, detox, night terrors, sleepwalking, general anesthetic, hypnotic

Answer 30

benzo's: diazepam, lorazepam, triazolam, temazepam, oxazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide

Question 31

act via BZ1 subtype of GABA receptor | use: insomnia

Answer 31

non benzo hypnotics: zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone | zzz's = sleep

Question 32

inhaled anesthetics that cause myocardial depression, resp depression, nausea/emesis, incr cerebral blood flow (decr cerebral metabolic demand)

Answer 32

halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, methoxyflurane, N2O

Question 33

i.v. anesthetic with high potency, high lipid solubility, rapid entry into brain use: induces anesthesia, for short surg, effect terminated by rapid re-distribution into tissue decr cerebral blood flow

Answer 33

barbiturate: thiopental

Question 34

i.v. anesthetic used for endoscopy, with gaseous anesthetics & narcotics may cause severe post op resp depression, decr BP, anterograde amnesia

Answer 34

benzo: midazolam

Question 35

i.v. anesthetic that is a PCP analog - dissociative anesthetic, block NMDA receptors, cardio stimulant cause disorientation, hallucin, bad dreams incr cerebral blood flow

Answer 35

arylcyclohexylamines: ketamine

Question 36

i.v. anesthetic opioids that are used with other CNS depressants during general anesthesia

Answer 36

morphine, fentanyl

Question 37

i.v. anesthetic used for sedation in ICU, rapid anesthesia induction, short procedures less post op nausea potentiates GABAa

Answer 37

propofol

Question 38

procaine, cocaine, tetracaine

Answer 38

local anesthetic esters

Question 39

lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine

Answer 39

local anesthetic amides

Question 40

block Na+ channels by binding specific receptors on inner portion of channel preferential to activated Na+ channels (most effective in rapidly firing neurons) use: minor surg, spinal anesthesia

Answer 40

local anesthetic esters & amides: procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine

Question 41

induces muscle paralysis in surg or mechanical ventilation, selective for motor nicotinic receptor depolarizing Nm blocker - strong ACh agonist w/ sustained depol - prevent m. contraction

Answer 41

succinylcholine

Question 42

non depolarizing Nm blockers for muscle paralysis in surg or mechanical ventilation, selective to nicotinic motor receptors competitive antag for ACh receptors

Answer 42

tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium, pancuronium, vecuronium, rocuronium

Question 43

prevents release of Ca from SR of skel m. | use: malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 43

dantrolene

Question 44

inhib GABAa receptors at spinal cord level, induces skel m. relaxation use: muscle spasms

Answer 44

baclofen

Question 45

central acting skel m. relaxant structurally related to TCAs, similar anti cholin SE use: muscle spasms

Answer 45

cyclobenzaprine

Question 46

ergot DA agonist that tx Parkinson's

Answer 46

bromocriptine

Question 47

non ergot DA agonist that tx Parkinson's

Answer 47

pramipexole, ropinirole

Question 48

increases DA release & decr DA reuptake use: parkinson's also used as anti viral for influenza A & rubella

Answer 48

amantadine

Question 49

prevent periph L-dopa degradation by inhib dopa decarboxylase - incr L-dopa entering CNS - incr central L-dopa avail for conversion to DA reduces SE of periph L-dopa conversion to DA use: parkinson's

Answer 49

levodopa/carbidopa

Question 50

prevent periph L-dopa degradation into 3-O-methyldopa by inhib COMT use: parkinson's

Answer 50

entacapone, tolcapone

Question 51

act centrally to block breakdown of DA blocks conversion of DA into 3MT by selectiv inhib MAO-B use: adjunct to L-dopa to tx parkinson's

Answer 51

selegiline

Question 52

act centrally to block DA breakdown by blocking conversion of DA to DOPAC by inhib central COMT use: parkinson's

Answer 52

tolcapone

Question 53

anti muscarinic- improves tremor & rigidity but little effect on bradykinesia use: parkinson's

Answer 53

benztropine

Question 54

NMDA receptor antagon, helps prevent excitotoxicity mediated by Ca use: Alzheimer's

Answer 54

memantine

Question 55

AChE inhibitors | use: Alzheimer's

Answer 55

donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine

Question 56

inhib vesicular monoamine transporter, limit DA vesicle packaging & release use: Huntington's disease

Answer 56

tetrabenazine, reserpine

Question 57

D2 receptor antag | use: Huntington's

Answer 57

Haloperidol

Question 58

5HT 1b/1d agonists - inhib CN V activation, prevent vasoactive peptide release, induce vasoconstriction use: acute migraine, cluster HA attacks

Answer 58

Sumatriptan