Anti microbial Mechanism of Action

Question 0

same MOA as PCN but narrow spectrum

penicillinase resistant d/t bulky R group

Answer 0

Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

Question 1

same MOA as PCN but wider spec

may combine w/ clavulanic acid to protect against B lactamse

Answer 1

Amoxicillin- greater oral availability

Ampicillin

Question 2

B lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinase
bactericidal

Answer 2

Cephalosporins generations I-V

Question 3

inhib cell wall peptidoglycan formation via binding DalaDala of cell wall precursors
bactericidal, not susceptible to B lacatamase

Answer 3

Vancomycin

Question 4

broad spec B lactamase resistant carbapenems

always given w/ ____ to inhib renal dehydropeptidase I in order to lower inactivation of drug in renal tubules

Answer 4

Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem

Cilastatin- inhibits renal inactivation of drug

Question 5

B lactamase inhibitors

Answer 5

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

Question 6

blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S, bacteriostatic

Answer 6

Chloramphenicol

Question 7

bind PBP’s to block transpeptidase cross linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall
activate autolytic enzymes

Answer 7

PCN G- i.v., i.m.

PCN V- oral

Question 8

same MOA as PCN but extended spec
anti pseudomonals
use with B lactamase inhibitors

Answer 8

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

Question 9

monobactam less susceptible to B lactamase
prevents peptidoglycan cross linking via binding to PBP3
synergistic w/ aminoglycosides
not cross allergic with PCN

Answer 9

Aztreonam

Question 10

bacteriostatic, bind 30S to prevent tRNA attachment, limited CNS penetration
do NOT take with milk or antacids or Fe

Answer 10

Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

Question 11

inhib protein synthesis via binding 50S to prevent formation of initiation complex

Answer 11

Linezolid (Oxazolidinones)

Question 12

bactericidal, bind 30S initiation complex causing mRNA misreading, block translocation
require O2 for uptake

Answer 12

Aminoglycosides: Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

Question 13

blocks translocation at 50S, bacteriostatic

Answer 13

Clindamycin

Question 14

forms toxic free radical metabolites in bacterial cell that damage DNA, bactericidal, anti protozoal

Answer 14

Metronidazole

Question 15

inhib protein synthesis via blocking translocation by binding 23S rRNA of 50S, bacteriostatic

Answer 15

Macrolides: Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

Question 16

lipopeptide that disrupts c.m. of GPC

Answer 16

Daptomycin

Question 17

inhib folate synthesis via PABA anti metabolites which inhib dihydropteroate synthase, bacteriostatic alone

Answer 17

Sulfonamides: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine

Question 18

inhib prokaryotic topoisomerase II & IV, bactericidal

Answer 18

Fluoroquinolones: Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin, Enoxacin

Question 19

inhibit DNA dependent RNApol

Answer 19

Rifampin

Rifabutin

Question 20

inhib bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, bacteriostatic

Answer 20

Trimethoprim

Question 21

decreases synthesis of mycolic acids, bacterial catalase peroxidase needed to convert it to active form

Answer 21

Isoniazid

Question 22

prodrug converted to active pyrazinoic acid to treat MTB

Answer 22

Pyrazinamide

Question 23

lowers carb polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase

Answer 23

Ethambutol

Question 24

binds ergosterol forming pores that allow electrolyte leakage from fungi

Answer 24

Amphotericin B

Question 25

inhibits DNA & RNA biosynthesis by converting to 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase

Answer 25

Flucytosine

Question 26

same MOA as Amphotericin B (forms pores), topical use only

Answer 26

Nystatin

Question 27

inhib fungal sterol synth by inhib cytochrome P450 which converts lanosterol to ergosterol

Answer 27

Azoles: Clotrimazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, voriconazole

Question 28

inhib fungal enzyme squalene oxidase

Answer 28

Terbinafine

Question 29

inhib cell wall synth by inhib synth of B-glucan

Answer 29

Echinocandins: Anidulafungin, Caspofungin, Micafungin

Question 30

interferes w/ microtubule formation - disrupts mitosis, deposits in keratin tissues

Answer 30

Griseofulvin

Question 31

anti-mite/louse tx that inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Answer 31

Malathion

Question 32

blocks detoxification of heme into hemozoin - heme builds up and is toxic to plasmodia

Answer 32

Chloroquine

Question 33

selectively inhib viral DNApol

does not require viral kinase phosphorylation

Answer 33

Cidofovir

Question 34

anti protozoan therapy

Answer 34

Pyrimethamine, suramin, melarsoprol, nifurtimox, sodium stibogluconate

Question 36

anti-mite/louse tx that blocks Na+ channels causing neurotoxicity

Answer 36

Permethrin

Question 37

anti-mite/louse tx that blocks GABA channels causing neurotoxicity

Answer 37

Lindane

Question 38

inhibit influenza neuraminidase leading to lowered release of progeny virus

Answer 38

Oseltamivir- oral

Zanamivir- inhaled

Question 39

5’ monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase, guanosine analog, triphosphate formed by cell kinases, selectively inhib viral DNApol by chain termination

Answer 39

Ganciclovir

Question 40

viral DNA/RNApol inhibitor & HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
binds to pyrophosphate-binding site of enzyme
no activation by viral kinase required

Answer 40

Foscarnet

Question 41

guanosine analogs monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase only in infected cells
triphosphate is formed by cell enzymes
selectively inhib viral DNApol by chain termination

Answer 41

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir