Endocrine pharm

Question 1

binds insulin receptor (tyrosine kinase activity)
increases glucose stored as glycogen (@ liver)
increases glycogen & protein synth
increases K+ uptake, increases TG storage
use: type 1 DM, type 2 DM, GDM post prandial glucose control

Answer 1

rapid acting insulin- Aspart, Glulisine, Lispro

Question 2

used to tx type 1DM, type 2DM, GDM, DKA i.v., hyperkalemia (with glucose), stress hyperglycemia

Answer 2

short acting insulin (regular)

Question 3

used to tx type 1 DM, type 2 DM, GDM

Answer 3

intermediate acting insulin (NPH)

Question 4

used to tx type 1 DM, type 2 DM, GDM (basal glucose control)

Answer 4

long acting insulin- detemir, glargine

Question 5

lowers gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases periph glucose uptake (higher insulin sensitivity)
use: 1st line in type 2 DM, modest wt loss, can be used in pt’s w/o islet function

Answer 5

Biguanides- Metformin

Question 6

closes K+ channels in beta cell membrane - depol cell - releases insulin via increased Ca influx
use: stimulate endogen insulin release in type 2 DM, some islet function required (not for type 1)

Answer 6

Sulfonylureas-chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Question 7

increases insulin sensitivity in periph tissue, binds PPAR gamma nuclear transcript regulator
use: type 2 DM

Answer 7

glitazones/thiazolidinediones- pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Question 8

increase insulin, lower glucagon release

use: type 2 DM

Answer 8

GLP-1 analogs: exenatide, liraglutide

DPP-4 inhibitors: linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

Question 9

decr gastric emptying, lowers glucagon

use: type 1 DM, type 2 DM

Answer 9

amylin analogs: pramlintide

Question 10

block reabsorpt of glucose in PCT

use: type 2 DM

Answer 10

SGLT-2 inhibitors: Canagliflozin

Question 11

inhib brush border alpha glucosidases
delayed carb hydrolysis & glucose absorpt - decr post prandial hyperglycemia
use: type 2 DM

Answer 11

alpha glucosidase inhibitors: acarbose, miglitol

Question 12

blocks thyroid peroxidase - inhib iodide oxidation/organification of iodine - inhib thyroid hormone synth - less periph conversion of T4 to T3
use: hyperthyroid

Answer 12

Methimazole

Question 13

blocks thyroid peroxidase - inhib iodide oxidation/organif of iodine - inhib thyroid hormone synth & blocks 5-deiodinase - less periph conversion T4 to T3
use: hyperthyroid

Answer 13

Propylthiouracil (ok for pregnancy)

Question 14

thyroid hormone replacement

use: hypothyroid, myxedema

Answer 14

Levothyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 15

blocks action at ADH V2 receptors

use: SIADH

Answer 15

ADH antagonists: conivaptan, tolvaptan

Question 16

used to tx central DI (ADH analog)

Answer 16

Desmopressin acetate

Question 17

used to tx GH deficiency or Turner syndrome

Answer 17

Growth hormone

Question 18

stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down, controls uterine hemorrhage

Answer 18

Oxytocin

Question 19

used to tx acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, gastrinoma, glucagonoma, esophageal varices

Answer 19

somatostatin (octreotide)

Question 20

ADH antagonist (member of tetracyclines)
use: SIADH

Answer 20

Demeclocycline

Question 21

beclomethasone, dexamethasone, fludrocortisone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, tramcinolone

Answer 21

glucocorticoids

fludrocortisone- mineralocorticoid & glucocorticoid activity

Question 22

metabolic, catabolic, anti inflam, immunosuppressive, inhib PLA2, inhib TG such as NF-kB
use: Addison’s, inflam, immunosuppression, asthma

Answer 22

Glucocorticoids MOA

Question 23

sensitizes Ca sensing receptor in parathyroid gland to circulating Ca - leads to decr in PTH
use: hyperCa d/t 1’ or 2’ hyperparathyroidism

Answer 23

Cinacalcet