Renal Disorders

Question 1

Anuria

Answer 1

no urine production

Question 2

GFR

Answer 2

amount of plasma filtered/ time

reflects kidney function

Question 3

Uremia

Answer 3

toxic wastes/ urine in blood

Question 4

How much urine is produced per day?

Answer 4

1-2 L

Question 5

Glomerulus

Answer 5

filters blood

absorbs Na

Question 6

Tubule

Answer 6

absorbs water, Na, glucose

excretes K, H, HCO3

Question 7

Tests for Kidney Function and Uremia

Answer 7

creatinine

BUN

Question 8

Tests for GFR

Answer 8

inulin clearance- best

creatinine clearance- most common

Question 9

Normal Specific Gravity in Urinalysis

Answer 9

1.001 - 1.035

Question 10

Hyaline Casts

Answer 10

protein in urine, only a problem if high

slows flow

Question 11

Elevated in UTIs

Answer 11

leukocyte esterase

Question 12

Presence of Bilirubin in Urinalysis

Answer 12

liver problems

Question 13

Starvation Indicator

Answer 13

ketones

Question 14

Creatinine Rule of Thumb

Answer 14

renal loss doubles for every doubling of serum creatinine above 1 mg/dL (norm)

Question 15

Elevated in kidney failure

Answer 15

BUN

creatinine

Question 16

Normal Creatinine Clearance

Answer 16

115 - 125 mL/min

100%

Question 17

Estimate of Creatinine Clearance

Answer 17

100/ serum creatinine

Question 18

Adult Polycystic Disease

Answer 18

40+

can result in cysts in liver or pancreas

Question 19

Kidney Stones

Answer 19

most common upper tract obstruction
calcium oxalate
dull, deep pain in back
becomes severe flank pain

Question 20

1 Cause of UTI

Answer 20

E. coli

Question 21

T/F: E. coli is a lactose fermenter

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Characteristics of Staph saprophyticus

Answer 22

novobiocin resistant
catalase +
coagulase -
can cause UTIs

Question 23

Lower UTIs

Answer 23

lower abdominal discomfort
burning and pain with urination
low fever

Question 24

Upper UTIs

Answer 24

affects kidneys
constant flank pain
high fever

Question 25

Presence of WBC Cast indicates….

Answer 25

upper UTI

Question 26

Nephritic Syndromes are characterized by….

Answer 26

blood in urine

RBC casts

Question 27

Nephrotic Syndromes are characterized by….

Answer 27

massive amounts of protein in urine

Question 28

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 28

main cause of chronic renal failure
oliguria- pee less
low GFR

Question 29

Indicator for Glomerulonephritis

Answer 29

RBC w/ RBC cast

Question 30

Causes of Acute Glomerulonephritis

Answer 30

post strep- pharyngitis, impitigo

Question 31

Signs of Acute Glomerulonephritis

Answer 31

proteinuria
hematuria- cola colored
RBC cast
hypertension

Question 32

Diabetic Nephropathy

Answer 32

glomerular capillaries thicken
causes 20% of deaths in diabetics
affects 30% of T1D

Question 33

Microalbuminuria

Answer 33

30 - 300

predictor of future diabetic nephropathy

Question 34

Opathies of Diabetes

Answer 34

retinopathy
nephropathy
neuropathy

Question 35

Main causes of Pyelonephritis

Answer 35

UTI- E. coli

Klebsiela; Proteus

Question 36

Pyelonephritis

Answer 36

progressive, deforms kidneys
responsible for 20% of ESRD
WBC cast

Question 37

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Answer 37

loss of tubular function- cant concentrate urine
polyuria
proteinuria

Question 38

Prerenal Failure

Answer 38

decreased blood flow to kidney

Question 39

Intrarenal Failure

Answer 39

disrupt structures in kidney

Question 40

Postrenal Failure

Answer 40

interfere with elimination of urine from kidney

Question 41

Aminoglycosides

Answer 41

nephrotoxic drug

Question 42

Main cause of Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 42

Beetus

Question 43

GFR of Renal Insufficiency

Answer 43

20 - 50% of norm

Question 44

GFR of Renal Failure

Answer 44

5 - 15% of norm

Question 45

GFR of End Stage Renal Disease

Answer 45

<5% of norm