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Pathology > Immunopathology > Flashcards

Immunopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Inflammation

A

rubor- redness
calor- heat
dolor- pain
tumor- swelling

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2
Q

Primary leukocyte in acute inflammation

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

Primary leukocyte in chronic inflammation

A

macrophages and leukocytes

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4
Q

Selectin

A

influences neutrophil distribution

activates or inactivates neutrophil adhesion molescules

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5
Q

Cellular Adhesion Molecules

A

attach to neutrophils and stop their movement

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6
Q

IL-8

A

signals neutrophils to invade area and kill pathogens

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7
Q

Neutrophils produce _____ after their killing spree

A

exudates

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8
Q

Histamine

A

causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

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9
Q

Anaphylatoxins

A

cause degranulation of mast cells

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10
Q

Serotonin

A

causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

made by platelets

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11
Q

Bradykinin

A

PAIN, vasodilation, leakiness

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12
Q

Thromboxane A2

TXA2

A

from platelets

causes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

prevents platelets from making TXA2

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14
Q

Prostacyclin

PGI2

A

made by vascular endothelium

causes vasodilation and inhibition of platelet aggregation

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15
Q

Prostaglandin E2

A

causes pain and fever

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16
Q

Steroids

A

breaks down phospholipases via PLA-2

stops arachidonic acid pathway

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17
Q

Lipoxygenase (LOX) Pathway

A

causes vasoconstriction

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18
Q

Cyclooxygenase (COX) Pathway

A

TXA2, prostaglandin, prostacyclin

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19
Q

IL-6

A

acute phase reactants

from liver

20
Q

IL-1 and TNF

A

initiate PGE2- fever

21
Q

Acute phase reactants

A

ferritin, fibrinogen, CRP

22
Q

Ferritin

A

iron binder

needed in growing bacterial cells

23
Q

Fibrinogen

A

makes RBC sticky

increases ESR

24
Q

IL-8

A

PMN chemotaxis

25
Q

Outcomes of Acute Inflammation

A

complete resolution w/ regeneration
complete resolution w/ scarring
abscess formation
transition to chronic inflammation

26
Q

Abscess

A

mostly infections

sterile in brain

27
Q

Causes of Chronic Inflammation

A

persistent infections
infections w/ recalcitrant organisms
autoimmune diseases
response to foreign material or malignant tumors

28
Q

Recalcitrant Organisms

A

viruses, mycobacteria (TB), parasites, fungi

29
Q

TB

A

can replicate in macrophages

ultimately leads to granuloma

30
Q

Part of eosinophil that is toxic to parasites

A

major basic protein

31
Q

Basophils stay in….

A

blood

32
Q

Mast Cells stay in….

A

tissue

33
Q

Granuloma

A

epitheliod macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes

34
Q

Granulomas in TB cause….

A

central necrosis

35
Q

Necrosis

A

uncontrolled cell death
produce exudate- pus- protein and neutrophils
may be aseptic from loss of blood supply

36
Q

Major processes of necrosis

A

enzymatic digestion of cell

denaturation of proteins

37
Q

Coagulative Necrosis

A

gelatin- keeps shape but internal proteins are denatured

38
Q

Cause of Coagulative Necrosis

A

ischemia (aseptic)

infarction

39
Q

Ischemia in CNS causes…..

A

Liquefactive Necrosis

40
Q

Liquefactive Necrosis

A

infectious
transforming tissue into a liquid- cells digested by hydrolytic enzymes
leaves pus and fluid, forming abscess

41
Q

Common causes of liquefactive necrosis

A

bacterial or fungal infections

42
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

cheesy proteinaceous dead cell mass

in TB

43
Q

Fat Necrosis

A

death to adipose tissue

small white lesions form

44
Q

Cause of Fat Necrosis

A

trauma

45
Q

Apoptosis and Retina

A

70% of ganglia cells die during development

Pathology (22 decks)

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