Epidemiology

Question 1

Vertical Transmission

Answer 1

from mother to child

Question 2

Horizontal Transmission

Answer 2

from one person to another, directly or indirectly

Question 3

Incidence

Answer 3

number of new cases

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

number of active/ current cases

Question 5

Endemic

Answer 5

Stable incidence and prevalence

stays in one area

Question 6

Epidemic

Answer 6

higher # of incidence than normal

Question 7

Pandemic

Answer 7

disease goes to new continents

Question 8

Mortality

Answer 8

death/illness per 100,000

Question 9

Case- control Study

Answer 9

starts with the disease

from effect to cause

Question 10

Cohort Study

Answer 10

starts with exposure

from cause to effect

Question 11

Sensitivity

Answer 11

sickly/ Needs treatment

likelihood a sick person tests positive

Question 12

Specificity

Answer 12

healthy

likelihood a healthy person tests negative

Question 13

Positive Predictive Value

PPV

Answer 13

likelihood that a positive test is found only in sick people

Question 14

Negative Predictive Value

NPV

Answer 14

likelihood a negative test is found only in healthy people

Question 15

Sensitivity Formula

Answer 15

TP/ (TP + FN)

Question 16

Specificity Formula

Answer 16

TN/ (FP + TN)

Question 17

PPV Formula

Answer 17

TP / (TP + FP)

Question 18

NPV Formula

Answer 18

TN/ (TN + FN)

Question 19

Has the biggest impact on PPV

Answer 19

Prevalence