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Pathology > Cardiovascular Pathology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Lowest BP pressure the kidneys can maintain perfusion

A

60-70 mmHg

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2
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A

> 70mmHg

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3
Q

Most common CVDs

A

hypertension

coronary artery disease

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4
Q

Prolonged Hypertension damages….

A

vessel walls

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5
Q

Injury to vessel walls causes….

A

remodeling

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6
Q

Excessive remodeling can lead to….

A

arteriosclerosis

atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Hyaline Arteriosclerosis

A

aging process, sped up by HTN

increased ECM narrows artery and reduces compliance

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8
Q

Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis

A

in severe hypertension
layers of ECM and new smooth mm are made
narrows vessels, reduces compliance, vessel necrosis

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9
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

from plaques
weakens vessels
forms clots which can break off and lodge elsewhere

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10
Q

Pump Failure

A

heart cannot maintain CO or can only maintain it at altered filling pressures

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11
Q

Systolic Pump Failure

A

heart cannot generate sufficient force

ischemia, HTN

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12
Q

Diastolic Pump Failure

A

heart cannot relax properly

HTN, fibrosis, pericarditits

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13
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

lack of blood flow to heart
causes muscle cell death
preceded by angina, dyspnea, confusion

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14
Q

Treatment of Heart Attack

A

restore blood flow by stent or bypass

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15
Q

Left Sided Failure

A

left ventricle is cause
L cant pump what R gives it- more work for R
blood backs up in lungs- pulmonary edema

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16
Q

Right Sided Failure

A

R ventricle is cause
R cant pump what L gives it- more work for L
blood backs up in periphery

17
Q

Medicinal treatment for MI

A

reduce workload- B blockers, CCBs, diuretics

increase contractility- B agonists, glycosides

18
Q

Obstructions to Flow

A

stenotic valves or HTN increase pressure needed to move blood
leads to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis

19
Q

Regurgitant Flow

A

valves do not close properly, blood moves backwards

leads to dilation of heart

20
Q

Disordered Flow

A

vessel abnormalities reduce flow to periphery

aneurysms, coarcted aorta, patent ductus arteriosis

Pathology (22 decks)

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