Liver Disorders Flashcards
Main causes of hepatits
alcohol
acetaminophen
EBV
Acute Viral Hepatits
increase of LFTs and jaundice
IgM
Chronic Viral Hepatitis
virus not cleared by immune system
asymptomatic
increased LFT
IgG
Tests for Liver Damage
ALT (best)
AST (muscles)
Tests for Liver Function
ALP (bone)
GGT (shows alcoholism)
Viral Hepatitis
kills hepatocytes
all liver tests high
Primary Hepatitis
Hepatocytes rupture
increased ALT and AST
Secondary Hepatitis
lever swells,and damages canals
increased ALP, GGT, bilirubin
Primary Bile Duct Block
prevents bilirubin excretion and damages canalicular cells
increased bili, ALP, GGT
Secondary Bile Duct Block
minor damage to hepatocytes
increased ALT and AST
Hepatitis A and E are transferred by…
fecal- oral
Complications of HAV and HEV
acute and self limiting
no carrier status
Hepatitis B route of transmission
blood borne
Hepatitis D needs _____ to infect
Hep B
20% Viral Hepatitis Rule
20% of chronic hepatitis progresses to cirrhosis
20% of cirrhosis progresses to hepatocarcinoma
HBV Carriers will not contain….
anti-HBs antigen
Types of hepatitis caused by Hep B
fulminant hepatitis
chronic hepatits
chances increased with Hep D
Ig for acute HBV
IgM
Ig for chronic HBV
IgG
Vaccine for HBV
HBsAg
Presence of anti-surface antibodies indicates….
patient already vaccinated
Presence of anti-core antibodies indicates….
patient already had virus
Transmission of Hepatitis C
high chance from blood/ needles
low chance from sex and mother/infant
Symptoms of Hep C
most are asymptomatic and chronic carriers
1 and 2 causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer
Hep C
Hep B
Vaccine for Hep C
there isnt one
HCV more responsive to seroconversion
HCV-2
Hemochromatosis
iron overload in body
Needed for PT/INR
coumadin
Cirrhosis
end of chronic liver disease- replaces w/ fibrous tissue
jaundice and ascites
Causes of Cirrhosis
EBV
alcohol
acetaminophen
Complications of Cirrhosis
portal hypertension
GI bleeding
liver failure
Jaundice is noticed first in….
sclera
Cause of Jaundice
increased blood bilirubin
Wilson’s Disease is a mutation of….
ATP7P
Wilson’s Disease
copper transport problem
accumulates in liver, brain, eyes
Kayser-Fleischer Ring
copper build up in Descemet’s
Wilson’s Disease
Sunflower Cataracts
copper in anterior and posterior capsule
Wilson’s Disease
Diagnosing Wilson’s Disease
low serum ceruplasmin
high copper excretion
Treating Wilson’s Disease
copper removal
chelating agents
block copper absorption with zinc salts
Hemachromatosis
Iron overload- increased absorption
Signs of Hemachromatosis
bronzed skin
Diagnosing Hemachromatosis
high serum iron and ferritin
Treating Hemachromatosis
phlebotomy
Cholelithiasis
gallstones
Cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder
Cholangitis
inflammation of common bile ducts
Symptoms of Cholecystitis
RUQ pain worsened by fatty acids
Murphy’s Sign
Lab Results of Cholecystitis
AST/ ALT mildly elevated
Pancreatitis
secondary to acohol abuse or gallstones
Lab Results of Pancreatitis
serum amylase and lipase
