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Pathology > Liver Disorders > Flashcards

Liver Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Main causes of hepatits

A

alcohol
acetaminophen
EBV

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2
Q

Acute Viral Hepatits

A

increase of LFTs and jaundice

IgM

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3
Q

Chronic Viral Hepatitis

A

virus not cleared by immune system
asymptomatic
increased LFT
IgG

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4
Q

Tests for Liver Damage

A

ALT (best)

AST (muscles)

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5
Q

Tests for Liver Function

A

ALP (bone)

GGT (shows alcoholism)

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6
Q

Viral Hepatitis

A

kills hepatocytes

all liver tests high

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7
Q

Primary Hepatitis

A

Hepatocytes rupture

increased ALT and AST

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8
Q

Secondary Hepatitis

A

lever swells,and damages canals

increased ALP, GGT, bilirubin

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9
Q

Primary Bile Duct Block

A

prevents bilirubin excretion and damages canalicular cells

increased bili, ALP, GGT

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10
Q

Secondary Bile Duct Block

A

minor damage to hepatocytes

increased ALT and AST

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11
Q

Hepatitis A and E are transferred by…

A

fecal- oral

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12
Q

Complications of HAV and HEV

A

acute and self limiting

no carrier status

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13
Q

Hepatitis B route of transmission

A

blood borne

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14
Q

Hepatitis D needs _____ to infect

A

Hep B

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15
Q

20% Viral Hepatitis Rule

A

20% of chronic hepatitis progresses to cirrhosis

20% of cirrhosis progresses to hepatocarcinoma

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16
Q

HBV Carriers will not contain….

A

anti-HBs antigen

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17
Q

Types of hepatitis caused by Hep B

A

fulminant hepatitis
chronic hepatits
chances increased with Hep D

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18
Q

Ig for acute HBV

A

IgM

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19
Q

Ig for chronic HBV

A

IgG

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20
Q

Vaccine for HBV

A

HBsAg

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21
Q

Presence of anti-surface antibodies indicates….

A

patient already vaccinated

22
Q

Presence of anti-core antibodies indicates….

A

patient already had virus

23
Q

Transmission of Hepatitis C

A

high chance from blood/ needles

low chance from sex and mother/infant

24
Q

Symptoms of Hep C

A

most are asymptomatic and chronic carriers

25
Q

1 and 2 causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver cancer

A

Hep C

Hep B

26
Q

Vaccine for Hep C

A

there isnt one

27
Q

HCV more responsive to seroconversion

A

HCV-2

28
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

iron overload in body

29
Q

Needed for PT/INR

A

coumadin

30
Q

Cirrhosis

A

end of chronic liver disease- replaces w/ fibrous tissue

jaundice and ascites

31
Q

Causes of Cirrhosis

A

EBV
alcohol
acetaminophen

32
Q

Complications of Cirrhosis

A

portal hypertension
GI bleeding
liver failure

33
Q

Jaundice is noticed first in….

A

sclera

34
Q

Cause of Jaundice

A

increased blood bilirubin

35
Q

Wilson’s Disease is a mutation of….

A

ATP7P

36
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

copper transport problem

accumulates in liver, brain, eyes

37
Q

Kayser-Fleischer Ring

A

copper build up in Descemet’s

Wilson’s Disease

38
Q

Sunflower Cataracts

A

copper in anterior and posterior capsule

Wilson’s Disease

39
Q

Diagnosing Wilson’s Disease

A

low serum ceruplasmin

high copper excretion

40
Q

Treating Wilson’s Disease

A

copper removal
chelating agents
block copper absorption with zinc salts

41
Q

Hemachromatosis

A

Iron overload- increased absorption

42
Q

Signs of Hemachromatosis

A

bronzed skin

43
Q

Diagnosing Hemachromatosis

A

high serum iron and ferritin

44
Q

Treating Hemachromatosis

A

phlebotomy

45
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

gallstones

46
Q

Cholecystitis

A

inflammation of gallbladder

47
Q

Cholangitis

A

inflammation of common bile ducts

48
Q

Symptoms of Cholecystitis

A

RUQ pain worsened by fatty acids

Murphy’s Sign

49
Q

Lab Results of Cholecystitis

A

AST/ ALT mildly elevated

50
Q

Pancreatitis

A

secondary to acohol abuse or gallstones

51
Q

Lab Results of Pancreatitis

A

serum amylase and lipase

Pathology (22 decks)

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