GI Disorders Flashcards
Achalasia
incomplete relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter
Primary Achalasia
mesenteric ganglia that carry vagal fibers from esophagus are absent
Hiatal Hernia
herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm
small are asymptomatic
large need surgery
Treating Hiatal Hernia
antacids
surgery
GERD
backward movement of stomach contents into esophagus
Parts of Reflux that causes damage to esophagus
pepsin
acid
Decreases tone of esophageal sphincter
foods
obesity/ pregnancy
hiatal hernia
delayed empyting/ increased volume
Treatment for GERD
avoiding positions/ foods that cause it
antacids, proton pump inhibitors
Symptoms of GERD
heartburn shortly after eating
relieved by sitting upright
can be confused with angina
Barrett’s Esophagus
distal esophageal squamous cells replaced by columnar epithelium containing goblet cells
from chronic GERD
increases chance of adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
from GERD and Barrett
distal 3rd of esophagus
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
top 2/3 of esophagus
from alcohol, tabacco, injury, achalasia
Main complaint of Esophageal Cancer
dysphagia
Treating Esophageal Cancer
surgery
chemotherapy
Gastritis
inflammation of gastric mucosa
Acute Gastritis
transient
accompanied by hemorrhage
Aspirin caused Acute Gastritis
no symptoms or heartburn
Alcohol caused Acute Gastritis
abdominal distress, vomiting, hematemesis
S. aureus caused Acute Gastritis
abrupt and violent onset with gastric distress and vomiting
Acute Gastritis w/ Hemorrhage
black, tarry stool
Treating Acute Gastritis
remove inciting factor
Chronic Gastritis
chronic inflammation leading to atrophy and visible erosions