Renal 4 Flashcards

1
Q

holliday-segar formula?
28kg

A

first 10kg : 100ml/kg

second 10kg: 50ml/kg

subsequent kg: 20ml/kg

1000+500+ (20x8)

1500+160= 1660 ml > 24 hours

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2
Q

maximum recommended rate of potassium infusion via a peripheral line?

A

10mmol/hour

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3
Q

hyaline casts are seen in?

A

loop diuretic use

tamm-horsfall protein - secreted by DCT

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4
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules pathognomonic for?

A

diabetic nephropathy

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5
Q

‘Full-house’ immunoglobulin deposition

A

characteristic of lupus

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6
Q

S/E of erythropoietin

A

HTN accelerated
bone aches
flu like symptoms
rashes

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7
Q

maintenance fluid should be prescribed at a rate of?

A

30ml/kg/24 hours

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8
Q

paediatric fluid requirements

A

100ml / 24 hours for first 10kg
next 10kg
50ml/24

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9
Q

Evidence currently supports the use of IV 0.9% sodium chloride

before contrast but at what rate?

A

maintenance fluid
1mL/kg/hour for 12 hours

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10
Q

most common extra renal manifestation of ADPKD?

A

liver cysts

mitral valve prolapse

berry aneurysm

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11
Q

urinary leucocytes

how to differentiate between Acute tubular necrosis and Acute interstitial nephritis

A

AIN - inflammatory process so presents with high WCC and only a trace amount of blood

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12
Q

most useful initial diagnostic test for HUS>

blood culture
coagulation profile
stool culture
urine culture

A

blood culture - schistocytes

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13
Q

what does high urine osmolality mean?

A

urine is very concentrated
> high osmolality
> kidneys holding onto sodium + water

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14
Q

Cell-mediated (cytotoxic T-cell) mediated rejection

transplant

A

within first 6 months

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15
Q

solid organ transplant recipients

most common?

A

cytomegalovirus

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16
Q

acute graft is picked up by?

A

proteinuria
pyuria - leucocytes
creatinine

17
Q

how long does an arteriovenous fistula take to form?

18
Q

erythropoiesis-stimulating agents

A

erythropoeitin and darbepoietin

19
Q

HLA

A

major histocompatibility complex
chromosome 6

20
Q

mainetenance fluid

roughly for an 80kg ?

A

2 L of fluid
80mmol of potassium

split in 12 hour bags
is 1L of fluid w 40 mmol of potassium

21
Q

50kg women maintenance fluid ?

A

30mlxkgxday

30ml x 50 x1 = 1500L

750ml / 12 hours

50mmol of potassium
25mmol /12 hours

22
Q

Flumazenil

A

benzodiazepine overdose

23
Q

salicylate overdose management?

A

supportive

if recent activated charcoal

IV fluids

alkalinisation with IV sodium bicarbonate in order to maintain blood pH at 7.5-8.0

24
Q

amyloidosis

A

extracellular deposition of amyloid
Congo red staining: apple-green birefringence

most commonly causes loss of renal function and proteinuria
hepatosplenomegaly

25
Membranous glomerulonephritis is frequently associated with?
malignancy nephrotic syndrome - most common
26
when can you urgent refer >45s? for haematuria?
unexplained visible haematuria without urinary tract infection
27
Is ADPKD associated with liver failure?
no liver cysts are associated
28
in AKI renal USS or CT KUB?
renal USS preferred investigating intra renal or post renal causes 24 hours of diagnosing AKI when the cause is unclear
29
indication for dialysis in AKI mx?
refractory acidosis hyperkalaemia pulomanry oedema - CXR urea levels
30
uraemia manifestations?
pericarditis encephalopathy
31
acute interstitial nephritis drug causes?
nsaids rifampicin penicillins allopurinol furesomide
32