Renal 4 Flashcards
holliday-segar formula?
28kg
first 10kg : 100ml/kg
second 10kg: 50ml/kg
subsequent kg: 20ml/kg
1000+500+ (20x8)
1500+160= 1660 ml > 24 hours
maximum recommended rate of potassium infusion via a peripheral line?
10mmol/hour
hyaline casts are seen in?
loop diuretic use
tamm-horsfall protein - secreted by DCT
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules pathognomonic for?
diabetic nephropathy
‘Full-house’ immunoglobulin deposition
characteristic of lupus
S/E of erythropoietin
HTN accelerated
bone aches
flu like symptoms
rashes
maintenance fluid should be prescribed at a rate of?
30ml/kg/24 hours
paediatric fluid requirements
100ml / 24 hours for first 10kg
next 10kg
50ml/24
Evidence currently supports the use of IV 0.9% sodium chloride
before contrast but at what rate?
maintenance fluid
1mL/kg/hour for 12 hours
most common extra renal manifestation of ADPKD?
liver cysts
mitral valve prolapse
berry aneurysm
urinary leucocytes
how to differentiate between Acute tubular necrosis and Acute interstitial nephritis
AIN - inflammatory process so presents with high WCC and only a trace amount of blood
most useful initial diagnostic test for HUS>
blood culture
coagulation profile
stool culture
urine culture
blood culture - schistocytes
what does high urine osmolality mean?
urine is very concentrated
> high osmolality
> kidneys holding onto sodium + water
Cell-mediated (cytotoxic T-cell) mediated rejection
transplant
within first 6 months
solid organ transplant recipients
most common?
cytomegalovirus
acute graft is picked up by?
proteinuria
pyuria - leucocytes
creatinine
how long does an arteriovenous fistula take to form?
6-8 weeks
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
erythropoeitin and darbepoietin
HLA
major histocompatibility complex
chromosome 6
mainetenance fluid
roughly for an 80kg ?
2 L of fluid
80mmol of potassium
split in 12 hour bags
is 1L of fluid w 40 mmol of potassium
50kg women maintenance fluid ?
30mlxkgxday
30ml x 50 x1 = 1500L
750ml / 12 hours
50mmol of potassium
25mmol /12 hours
Flumazenil
benzodiazepine overdose
salicylate overdose management?
supportive
if recent activated charcoal
IV fluids
alkalinisation with IV sodium bicarbonate in order to maintain blood pH at 7.5-8.0
amyloidosis
extracellular deposition of amyloid
Congo red staining: apple-green birefringence
most commonly causes loss of renal function and proteinuria
hepatosplenomegaly
Membranous glomerulonephritis
is frequently associated with?
malignancy
nephrotic syndrome - most common
when can you urgent refer >45s? for haematuria?
unexplained visible haematuria without urinary tract infection
Is ADPKD associated with liver failure?
no liver cysts are associated
in AKI
renal USS or CT KUB?
renal USS preferred
investigating intra renal or post renal causes
24 hours of diagnosing AKI when the cause is unclear
indication for dialysis in AKI mx?
refractory acidosis
hyperkalaemia
pulomanry oedema - CXR
urea levels
uraemia manifestations?
pericarditis
encephalopathy
acute interstitial nephritis drug causes?
nsaids
rifampicin
penicillins
allopurinol
furesomide
