Opthalmology

Question 1

hypermetropia

Answer 1

smaller anterior chamber
smaller eye

short distance appear blurry

Question 2

myopia at risk of ?

Answer 2

retinal detachment

larger longer eyeball

structures are more thinly held together

Question 3

mx of acute angle closure glaucoma

Answer 3

supine
IV acetazolamide

pilocarpine eye drops 2%

definative laser

Question 4

Pilocarpine

Answer 4

muscarinic receptors in the sphincter muscles in the iris

pupil constriction

Question 5

Acetazolamide

Answer 5

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Question 6

Horners?

Answer 6

droopy eyelid
ptosis

constricted eye

Question 7

3rd nerve palsy?

Answer 7

ptosis and dilated pupil

Question 8

timolol moa?

Answer 8

beta blocker used in Open angle glaucoma

> reduces aqueous production

Question 9

primary open-angle glaucoma

Answer 9

inreased intraocular pressure = damage to optic nerve

Question 10

prostaglandin analogues act by?

Answer 10

increase aq outflow via uveoscleral route

Question 11

Miotics

Answer 11

open aq drainage channels in the trabecular meshwork

Question 12

carotid artery dissection

Answer 12

localised headache
neck pain

horner

no anihydrosis

Question 13

hyphema?

Answer 13

blood in anterior chamber

Question 14

main risk of hyphema?

Answer 14

raised intraocular pressure
glaucoma

Question 15

latanoprost

Answer 15

increase uveosacral outflow

prostaglandin analog

Question 16

1st line mx of open angle glaucoma?

Answer 16

> 24mmmhg

360 laser

Question 17

what is a sympthomimetic?

Answer 17

brominidine - alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist

reduces aq production
+ increases outflow

avoid in MAOI

Question 18

first line treatment in hx of heart block

Answer 18

timolol

Question 19

screening for glaucoma?

Answer 19

+ FHx screen annually from 40

Question 20

RF for glaucoma?

Answer 20

myopia
HTN
DM
corticosteroids

Question 21

Gonioscopy

Answer 21

drainage angle

Question 22

chronic open angle

Answer 22

reproducible peripheral vision loss

normal gonioscopy

increased cup to disc ratio

Question 23

Dry age-related macular degeneration

Answer 23

blurred central vision
metamorphopsia

Question 24

Argyll-Robertson pupil

Answer 24

accomodation reflex present

t2dm and neurosyphyilis

Question 25

Holmes-Adie pupil

Answer 25

benign

dilated pupil that remains small

Question 26

hypermeteopia

Answer 26

long sightedness

small eyes - shallower anterior chamber - narrower angle

Question 27

orbital compartment syndrome mx?

Answer 27

urgent lateral canthotomy
decompression

Question 28

what is orbital compartmenr syndrome?

Answer 28

2 retrobulbar haemorrhage

eye pain
proptosis
rock hard eyelids

RAPD

Question 29

enophthalmos

Answer 29

inward sinking of the eye into its socket

Question 30

sudden visual loss in diabetics?

Answer 30

vitreous haemorrhage

floaters
red hue
dark spots

Question 31

Ix vitreous haemorrhage?

Answer 31

dilated fundoscopy
> haemorrhage

slit lamp exam
RBC in anterior vitreous

USS > rule of retinal detachment

Question 32

corneal abrasion management?

Answer 32

topical chloramphenicol

Question 33

optic neuritis features

Answer 33

inflammation of optic nerve
pain on movement
reduced visual acuity

reduced RAPD

due to afferent pathway

Question 34

mx of optic neuritis?

Answer 34

high dose steroids

Question 35

keratitis?

Answer 35

inflammation of cornea

> staph aureus
pseudomonas aeruginos in contact lense wearers

red eye and pain

gritty sensation

refer urgent same day to eye ds

Question 36

herpes simplex keratitis

Answer 36

dendritic corneal ulcer

refer to ophthal
topical aciclovir