Haematology Flashcards
cardinal features of MM
hypercalcaemia
renal damage: urea and creatinine
anaemia
thrombocytopenia
bones: lytic bone disease
Investigations MM
Bloods
FBC
blood film- rouleux
u&es
bone profile
Imaging?
whole body MRI
TLS?
chemo kills cancer cells
release intracellular content
uric acid produced
staging hodgkins lymphoma?
PET/CT scan
Lugano classification
Mx of hodgkins?
ABVD
doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine
what is a dry tap?
myelofibrosis
no cells aspirated due to fibrosis of BM
DVT mx
use of DOAC
first line tx for most VTE
including in active cancer
when is LMWH recommended?
triple + antiphospholipid syndrome
severe renal impairment <15/min
pregnancy
ileocaecal resection can result in?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Vit b12 deficiency signs
macrocytic anaemia
sore tongue
glossitis
neuro
mx of vit b12 deficiency
Im 1mg of hydroxycobalamin 3x a week for 2 weeks
once every 3 months
ensure b12 treated first then folate
Blood transfusion reactions
acute haemolytic
Ix?
ABO incompatible
fever/ abdo pain/ hypotension
send blood for direct coombs
fluid resus
definative diagnosis of sickle cell disease?
haemoglobin electrophoresis
blood results in sickle cell anaemia?
low haemoglobin
normal MCV and raised reitucolyties
normocytic anaemia in sickle cell disease occurs due to?
intravascular haemolysis
Polycythaemia rubra vera progresses to?
myelofibrosis / AML
acute myeloid leukaemia
raised WBC
low RBC low platelets
chronic myeloid leukaemia
increased granulocytes at different stages
cml chromosome
9 and 22
mx of CML?
imatinib
inhibits tyrosine kinase w BCR-ABL defect
AML
presents with?
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
megaloblastic causes of macrocytic anaemia?
vit b12
folate
secondary to methotrexate
normoblastic causes of macrocytic anaemia
alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroid
pregnancy
reticulocytosis
polycthaemia rubra vera
reducing risk of thrombotic events?
use aspirin
PCV
mutated JAK2
= increased RBC
WBC
increased blood viscosity
beta thalassaemia major mx
infusion
iron chelation therapy ; desferrioxamine
autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is characterised by?
positive direct antiglobulin test
> Coombs test
= cold AIHA
warm AIHA
most common
IgG
happening at body temperature
> extravascular sites
eg. spleen
cold AIHA
IgM
complement
intravascular
Mx of warm aiha?
steroids
rituximab
what is excisional biopsy
removal of entire lesion
used in NHL
