Haematology

Question 1

cardinal features of MM

Answer 1

hypercalcaemia

renal damage: urea and creatinine
anaemia
thrombocytopenia
bones: lytic bone disease

Question 2

Investigations MM

Answer 2

Bloods
FBC
blood film- rouleux
u&es
bone profile

Imaging?
whole body MRI

Question 3

TLS?

Answer 3

chemo kills cancer cells

release intracellular content

uric acid produced

Question 4

staging hodgkins lymphoma?

Answer 4

PET/CT scan

Lugano classification

Question 5

Mx of hodgkins?

Answer 5

ABVD

doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine

Question 6

what is a dry tap?

Answer 6

myelofibrosis

no cells aspirated due to fibrosis of BM

Question 7

DVT mx

use of DOAC

Answer 7

first line tx for most VTE

including in active cancer

Question 8

when is LMWH recommended?

Answer 8

triple + antiphospholipid syndrome
severe renal impairment <15/min

pregnancy

Question 9

ileocaecal resection can result in?

Answer 9

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 10

Vit b12 deficiency signs

Answer 10

macrocytic anaemia
sore tongue
glossitis
neuro

Question 11

mx of vit b12 deficiency

Answer 11

Im 1mg of hydroxycobalamin 3x a week for 2 weeks

once every 3 months

ensure b12 treated first then folate

Question 12

Blood transfusion reactions

acute haemolytic

Ix?

Answer 12

ABO incompatible

fever/ abdo pain/ hypotension

send blood for direct coombs

fluid resus

Question 13

definative diagnosis of sickle cell disease?

Answer 13

haemoglobin electrophoresis

Question 14

blood results in sickle cell anaemia?

Answer 14

low haemoglobin

normal MCV and raised reitucolyties

Question 15

normocytic anaemia in sickle cell disease occurs due to?

Answer 15

intravascular haemolysis

Question 16

Polycythaemia rubra vera progresses to?

Answer 16

myelofibrosis / AML

Question 17

acute myeloid leukaemia

Answer 17

raised WBC
low RBC low platelets

Question 18

chronic myeloid leukaemia

Answer 18

increased granulocytes at different stages

cml chromosome

9 and 22

Question 19

mx of CML?

Answer 19

imatinib

inhibits tyrosine kinase w BCR-ABL defect

Question 20

AML
presents with?

Answer 20

neutropenia
thrombocytopenia

Question 21

megaloblastic causes of macrocytic anaemia?

Answer 21

vit b12
folate

secondary to methotrexate

Question 22

normoblastic causes of macrocytic anaemia

Answer 22

alcohol
liver disease
hypothyroid
pregnancy
reticulocytosis

Question 23

polycthaemia rubra vera

reducing risk of thrombotic events?

Answer 23

use aspirin

Question 24

PCV

Answer 24

mutated JAK2

= increased RBC
WBC

increased blood viscosity

Question 25

beta thalassaemia major mx

Answer 25

infusion

iron chelation therapy ; desferrioxamine

Question 26

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia is characterised by?

Answer 26

positive direct antiglobulin test
> Coombs test

= cold AIHA

Question 27

warm AIHA

Answer 27

most common

IgG

happening at body temperature

> extravascular sites
eg. spleen

Question 28

cold AIHA

Answer 28

IgM

complement
intravascular

Question 29

Mx of warm aiha?

Answer 29

steroids
rituximab

Question 30

what is excisional biopsy

Answer 30

removal of entire lesion

used in NHL