Neurosurgery Flashcards
subdural haematoma?
dural layer of meninges
extra axial
‘crescenteric on imaging’
how does CT imaging look for subdural haemorrhage?
hyperdense - BRIGHT - whiter
crescenteric collection
> mass effect
midline shift
herniation
Cushings triad for increased intracranial pressure?
bradycardia / HTN /respiratory irregularities
is SAH is suspected?
CT head non contrast
LP after 12 hours can be diagnostic
CSF indicative of SAH?
xanthochromia
breakdown products of RBC = bilirubin
SAH aneurysmal mx?
nimodipine - vasospasm
Hydrocephalus mx?
external ventricular drain
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
basilar skull fracture
periorbital bruising
post auricular bruising
extradural haemorrhage
middle meningeal artery
pathophysiology of subdural haemorrhage?
ruptured bridging veins
CSF findings consistent with a SAH?
xanthochromia
bilirubin and normal opening pressure
hydrocephalus?
excess volume of cerebrospinal fluid
what is normal pressure hydrocephalus?
non obstructive hydrocephalus
large ventricles but normal intracranial pressure
securing airway in head injury / spinal injury?
protect cervical spine
jaw thrust chin manouvre
6 tests to confirm brain death
pupillary reflex
corneal reflex
oculo-vestibular reflex
cough reflex
absent to supraorbital pressure
no spontaneous esp effort
