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Final Year - Passmed > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is a swallow screen?

A

assessment of swallow within 4 hours NICE

> safe swallow to avoid aspiration pneumonia

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2
Q

transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is what?

A

causes blood to bypass the liver and enter the systemic circulation wo

metabolism of nitrogenous waste - ammonia

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3
Q

hoovers sign is?

A

organic / fake paresis of leg

> conversion disorder

positive result : functional weakness

> patient is unable to extend their leg and to press heel into bed

but when the normal leg is lifted you can feel the extension of ‘weak’ leg

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4
Q

in a stroke that affects left leg > arm/face where is the lesion most likely?

A

CONTRALATERAL side so RIGHT

anterior cerebral artery
>

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5
Q

posterior cerebral artery right sided impact

A

left eye has a homonymous hemianopia

macular is spared

agnosia

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6
Q

what is weberes syndrome?
right side

A

bracnh of the posterior cerebral artery

supplies the MIDBRAIN

> ipsilateral CN III palsy : RIGHT eye

> left arm/leg

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7
Q

function of cranial nerve 3?

A

eye movements

pupil constriction

1) extraoccular muscles
2)sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

3) eyelid: superior tarsal muscle

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8
Q

oculomotor nerve palsy

A

ptosis : drooping eyelid
> levator palpabrae superioris
> unopposed action of orbicularis oculi

Down and out
>elavte no
>depress no
> adduct eye no

Dilated pupil

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9
Q

Motor function of the CN III

superior branch?

A

superior rectus
levator palpabrae superioris

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10
Q

Inferior branch of CN 3?

A

inferior rectus > depresses eyeball
medial rectus > adducts (look inwards)
inferior oblique > elevate, abduct and laterally rotate

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11
Q

PICA
posterior
inferior
cerebral artery

Right artery

A

Right side
> face pain and temp loss

Left
leg / torso pain and temp loss
ataxia
nystagmus

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12
Q

AICA
anterior
inferior

cerebellar artery
lateral pontine syndrome

right artery

A

Right side
> face pain and temp loss

Left
leg / torso pain and temp loss
ataxia
nystagmus

+ deafness
+paralysis face

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13
Q

COCP / Stroke / Migraine with aura

A

oestrogen is hypercoagulable
> vasodilatory

Migraine
> vasodilatory and increase RF for stroke

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14
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

small pupil

ptosis

sunken eye ENOPTHALMOS

anhidrosis : loss of sweating

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15
Q

causes of Horner’s syndrome
loss of sweating of face / arm and trunk

A

central lesion
stroke
syringomyelia
MS
tumoyr
encephalistis

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16
Q

causes of Horner’s syndrome

Anhidrosis of the face only

A

pancoast tumour
thyroidectomy
trauma
cervical rib

17
Q

NO anhidrosis
horner’ cause

A

post ganglionic
carotid artery dissection
carotid aneurysm
CVT
cluster headache

18
Q

vestibular neuronitis

A

> viral infection

recurrent vertigo attacks hours/days
nystagmus present

NO hearing loss

Mx
> prochlorperazine

19
Q

Brain Abscess Triad

A

Fever
headache
focal neurological deficit

seizure

19
Q

Mx of brain abscess?

A

surgical : craniotomy abscess cavity debrided

oedema : hypodense

IV 3rd gen cephalosporin nd metronidazole
dexa

19
Q

stroke types?

A

1) unilateral hemiparesis / hemisensory loss of the face, arm and leg

2) homonymous hemianopia
3) higher cognitive dysfunction

20
Q

total anterior circulation infarcts mean?

A

middle and anterior cerebral arteries

21
Q

partial anterior circulation infarcts?

A

involves smaller arteries of anterior circulation e.g. upper or lower division of middle cerebral artery
2 of the above criteria are presen

22
Q

subdural haematoma

A

Bridging dural veins

23
Q

_______ are the most sensitive scan to diagnose diffuse axonal injury

A

MRIs

24
Q

what is vestibular neuronitis?

A

inflammation of vestibular nerve

vertigo

but no hearing loss

25
Q

features of acoustic neuroma?

A

vertigo
hearing loss
tinnitus

absent corneal reflex

tumour compressing CN VIII
compression of CN V is why absent corneal reflex

26
Q

a central cause of vertigo would have ______ nystagmus

A

vertical

27
Q

HINTs Exam

A

head impulse test
> catch up saccade : VN
>normal : stroke

nystagmus: unidirectional : VN
test of skew: abnormal suggest stroke

28
Q

what is a neurally mediated syncope?

A

reflex
vasovagal
situational
carotid sinus syncope

29
Q

isolated hemisensory loss is a feature of?

A

Lacunar infarct

30
Q

new generation of COCP have increased what side effect?

A

VTE events

31
Q

pontine haemorrhage

A

reduced GCS
paralysis
bilateral pin point pupils

intracerebral haemorrhage
htn

> penetrating ateries from the basilar extending into pons to rupture

32
Q
A

Final Year - Passmed (9 decks)

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