Cardio 3 Flashcards
pulmonary oedema you get a ?
wheeze
aortic dissection cxr findings
widened mediastinum
side effects of ACE inhibitors
angioedema
longer-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
amlodipine
nifedipine
rate-limiting one CCB
verapamil
diltiazem
symptomstiv aortic stenosis mx?
furosemide
why are nitrates contraindicated in AS?
potent vasodilators
reduce bp
increase strain on heart
Proximal aortic dissections are managed ?
surgical aortic root replacement
stable chest pain of suspected coronary artery disease aetiology
first line imaging?
contrast enhanced CT coronary angiogram
which HF class when you experience symptoms at rest?
NYHA Class 4
what is coarctation of the aorta?
congenital abnormality
> hypoperfusion
weakened femoral pulses
initial blind treatment for infective endocarditis?
IV amoxicillin
what type of CCB should not be added to beta blockers and why?
rate limitig CCB like verapamil / dilatezem
= bradycardia
= HF
what is indapamide?
thiazide like diuretic > preferred over thiazide diuretics in the first instanceq
patients undergoing fibrinolysis should be given what?
alteplase
fondaparinux
when is prasugrel given
if not taking any oral anticoagulation and undergoing PCI as part of DAPT prior to PCI
Nicorandil is what type of medication?
potassium channel activator
vasodilatory affect on coronary arteries
The interaction between clarithromycin and simvastatin can increase the risk
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
causes of torsades de pointes
imbalances?
hypocalcaemia
hypokalaemia
hypomagnesaemia
when can / should you thrombolyse PE?
massive PE with hypotension
what is a LMWH?
enoxaparin
what is a DOAC?
rivaroxaban
apixaban
what is fondaparinux?
indirect
antihtrombin 3
enhances its ability to inhibit factor xa
what is Wellens syndrome?
Critical stenosis of left anterior descending artery
> IHD and resolving chest pain
deep t wave inversion in leads v1-v5
wellens syndrome
requires urgent PCI
in over 80 year olds why do you not treat stage 1 htn?
vascular calcification
> too many would need treatment
> slightlybhigher baseline HTN serves brain perfusion
stage 2 htn
160/100
Offer ABPM / HBPM
if >140/90
what is an early sign of LVF?
S3 loud
gallop rhythm
why is an S3 an early sign for left ventricular failure?
dilated chamber / ineffective pumping action
why heart sound is associated with HOCM
s4
extra sound caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle
what is next for a symptomatic bradycardia when atropine fails?
external pacing
mx of bradycardia severe
atropine upto 3mg
transcutaneous pacing
isoprenaline / adrenaline infusion
what hypertensive medication can worsen glucose tolerance?
thiazide like diuretics - indapamide
what is the effect of digoxin?
reverse tick
> down sloping ST depression
> flattened / inverted t waves
how is cardiac tamponade best imaged
echocardiogram
why are ACEi contraindicated in HOCM?
reduce afterload > worsen LVOT gradient
bisferiens pulse
double pulse / systolic beats
associated with HOCM
prosthetic valve infective endocarditis organism
staph epidermis
<2 month
