Cardio 3

Question 1

pulmonary oedema you get a ?

Answer 1

wheeze

Question 2

aortic dissection cxr findings

Answer 2

widened mediastinum

Question 3

side effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 3

angioedema

Question 4

longer-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

Answer 4

amlodipine
nifedipine

Question 5

rate-limiting one CCB

Answer 5

verapamil
diltiazem

Question 6

symptomstiv aortic stenosis mx?

Answer 6

furosemide

Question 7

why are nitrates contraindicated in AS?

Answer 7

potent vasodilators
reduce bp

increase strain on heart

Question 8

Proximal aortic dissections are managed ?

Answer 8

surgical aortic root replacement

Question 9

stable chest pain of suspected coronary artery disease aetiology

first line imaging?

Answer 9

contrast enhanced CT coronary angiogram

Question 10

which HF class when you experience symptoms at rest?

Answer 10

NYHA Class 4

Question 11

what is coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 11

congenital abnormality

> hypoperfusion
weakened femoral pulses

Question 12

initial blind treatment for infective endocarditis?

Answer 12

IV amoxicillin

Question 13

what type of CCB should not be added to beta blockers and why?

Answer 13

rate limitig CCB like verapamil / dilatezem

= bradycardia
= HF

Question 14

what is indapamide?

Answer 14

thiazide like diuretic > preferred over thiazide diuretics in the first instanceq

Question 15

patients undergoing fibrinolysis should be given what?

Answer 15

alteplase
fondaparinux

Question 16

when is prasugrel given

Answer 16

if not taking any oral anticoagulation and undergoing PCI as part of DAPT prior to PCI

Question 17

Nicorandil is what type of medication?

Answer 17

potassium channel activator
vasodilatory affect on coronary arteries

Question 18

The interaction between clarithromycin and simvastatin can increase the risk

Answer 18

myopathy
rhabdomyolysis

Question 19

causes of torsades de pointes

imbalances?

Answer 19

hypocalcaemia
hypokalaemia
hypomagnesaemia

Question 20

when can / should you thrombolyse PE?

Answer 20

massive PE with hypotension

Question 21

what is a LMWH?

Answer 21

enoxaparin

Question 22

what is a DOAC?

Answer 22

rivaroxaban
apixaban

Question 23

what is fondaparinux?

Answer 23

indirect

antihtrombin 3

enhances its ability to inhibit factor xa

Question 24

what is Wellens syndrome?

Answer 24

Critical stenosis of left anterior descending artery
> IHD and resolving chest pain

Question 25

deep t wave inversion in leads v1-v5

Answer 25

wellens syndrome
requires urgent PCI

Question 26

in over 80 year olds why do you not treat stage 1 htn?

Answer 26

vascular calcification
> too many would need treatment
> slightlybhigher baseline HTN serves brain perfusion

Question 27

stage 2 htn

Answer 27

160/100

Question 28

Offer ABPM / HBPM

Answer 28

if >140/90

Question 29

what is an early sign of LVF?

Answer 29

S3 loud

gallop rhythm

Question 30

why is an S3 an early sign for left ventricular failure?

Answer 30

dilated chamber / ineffective pumping action

Question 31

why heart sound is associated with HOCM

Answer 31

s4
extra sound caused by atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle

Question 32

what is next for a symptomatic bradycardia when atropine fails?

Answer 32

external pacing

Question 33

mx of bradycardia severe

Answer 33

atropine upto 3mg
transcutaneous pacing
isoprenaline / adrenaline infusion

Question 34

what hypertensive medication can worsen glucose tolerance?

Answer 34

thiazide like diuretics - indapamide

Question 35

what is the effect of digoxin?

Answer 35

reverse tick
> down sloping ST depression

> flattened / inverted t waves

Question 36

how is cardiac tamponade best imaged

Answer 36

echocardiogram

Question 37

why are ACEi contraindicated in HOCM?

Answer 37

reduce afterload > worsen LVOT gradient

Question 38

bisferiens pulse

Answer 38

double pulse / systolic beats

associated with HOCM

Question 39

prosthetic valve infective endocarditis organism

Answer 39

staph epidermis

<2 month