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Final Year - Passmed > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

venous sinus thrombosis gold standard test?

A

MRI venogram

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2
Q

status epilepticus
in prehospital

A

PR diazepam

BUCCAL midazolam

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3
Q

how should demyelinating lesions be seen?

A

MRI with contrast

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4
Q

optic neuritis?

A

inflammation of optic nerve

colour blind (red)
sudden vision loss

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5
Q

what does damage to the medial longitudinal fasciculus present with?

A

internuclear opthalmoplegia

impaired lateral gaze

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6
Q

bacterial meningitis presents with?

A

high WCC
high protein

LOW glucose

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7
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus

presenstw ith

A

urinary incontinence, ataxic gait, cognitive impairment

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8
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus neuroimaging findings:

A

ventriculomegaly in the absence of, or out of proportion to, sulcal enlargement

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9
Q

Amaurosis fugax is a form of stroke affecting the _____ artery?

A

retinal / opthalmic artery

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10
Q

imaging in suspected TIA?

A

MRI brain with diffusion weighted imaging

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11
Q

bulbar onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
features

A

diff swallowing liquids
facial weakness

reduced jaw jerk reflex

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12
Q

Steppage gait

A

occurs in sensory neuropathy

foot drop / loss of ability to dorsiflex

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13
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

causes?

A

unbalanced sympathetic reflex
= HTN
sweaty
agitated

can be caused by a stimulus below the spinal cord injury level

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14
Q

Mx of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

removal / control of the stimulus
treatment of any life threatening HTN / bradycardia

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15
Q

Broca area is where?

A

inferior frontal gyrus

speech production

expressive aphaisa

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16
Q

Wernickes is found?

A

superior temporal gyrus
>language comprehension

receptive aphasia

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17
Q

arcuate fasiculus

A

conduction aphasia

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18
Q

tonic seizures mx?>
women 26

A

lamotrigine first line

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19
Q

rare but recognised S/E of lamotrigine?

A

stevens johnson syndrome

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20
Q

acute ischaemic stroke mx

when do you control bp before thrombolysis?

A

> 185/110

labetalol IV bolus

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21
Q

NICE guidelines bells palsy

no improvement follwoing 3 weeks

A

refer urgent to ENT
neuroimaging indicated

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22
Q

mid shaft humeral fractures are associated with?

A

radial nerve injury

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23
Q

Radial nerve

A

wrist extension

‘wrist drop’ =palsy

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24
Q

antiepileptic associated with weight gain?

A

sodium valproate

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25
Q

NMS management?

A

dopamine agonist

bromocriptine

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26
Q

postural hypotension
2 types?

A

compensatory tachycardia

autonomic dysfunction

27
Q

4Ds of postural hypotension

A

deconditioning
dysfunctional heart
dehydration
drugs
>tamsulosin, antidepressants, anti angina

28
Q

uvula deviation

A

vagus nerve

29
Q

Trochlear nerve clinical

A

eyemovement

> vertical diplopia
defective downwaed gaze

30
Q

horizontal diplopia

A

abducens

31
Q

vagus nerve

A

phonation
swallowing

uvula
gag efferent

32
Q

Acoustic neuromas are?

A

schwann cell tumours of cochlear nerve

33
Q

status epilepticus management

A

ABC
check blood glucose

1st line drugs
benzodiazepine

PR diazepam
buccal midazolam

IV lorazepam

5-10 minutes
x2

34
Q

ongoing / established status epilepticus?

A

2nd line agent
levetiracetam
phenytoin
sodium valproate

35
Q

CT head showing temporal lobe changes

with meningism?

A

herpes simplex encephalitis

36
Q

DVLA and epilepsy confirmed

A

12 month seizure free
5 years no seizures

37
Q

stroke /TIA

A

1 month off driving

38
Q

raised ICP can cause what eye defect?

A

eye deviation
down and out

39
Q

hypopigmented macule

A

tuberous sclerosis
ash leaf spot

40
Q

what is tuberous sclerosis?

A

growth of benign tumours in different parts of the body including

brain
kidney
heart

41
Q

cafe au lait spots

A

HYPERpigmented

42
Q

tunnel vision

A

macula spared

43
Q

absence seizures first line antiepileptic

A

ethosuximide

44
Q

otosclerosis causes?

A

conductive hearing loss

45
Q

which scale is effective in differentiating acute stroke from stroke mimics?

A

ROSIER scale

> recognition of stroke in the emergency room

46
Q

what is friedrich ataxia?

A

hereditary

deteriorates

spastic paraparesis
impaired vibration sense
proprioception

47
Q

syringomyelia

A

compression of spinal cord

‘SYRINX’

upper limb affected more

48
Q

left 6th nerve palsy affects?

A

inability to abduct eye

abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle

49
Q

baclofen is a?

A

GABA-B receptor agonist

muscle relaxant

50
Q

what is degenerative cervical myelopathy?

gold standard test?

A

high axial loading can cause disc degeneration and ligament hypertrophy

MRI of cervical spine

51
Q

Hoffman’s sign

A

cervical meylopathy
gently flick one finger on a patients hand

reflex twitch of other fingers

52
Q

most effective treatment of cervical myelopathy?

A

decompressive surgery

53
Q

Acute angle closure glaucoma

A

sudden blockage of aqueous drainage from the eye

= rapid intraocular pressure increase

sudden visual loss
DM

PAINFUL

54
Q

Acute open-angle glaucoma

A

cornea may be bulging
dilated pupil
/ unresponsive to light

55
Q

Vitreous haemorrhage

A

painless blur / haziness of vision

floaters
‘cobwebs’

transient

bleeding into vitreous humour

56
Q

mx of acute relapse in MS?

A

methylprednisolone

57
Q

syringomyelia has a ___ sensory loss

A

spinothalamic

58
Q

spinothalamic is affecting?

A

pain and temperature

59
Q

dorsal column?

A

proprioception
vibration

60
Q

root which supplies loss of sensation of medial epicondyle and intrinsic hand muscle weakness?

A

T1

via ulnar ner

klumpke paralysis

61
Q

Erb-Duchenne paralysis

A

c5/c6
winged scapula

breech presentation

62
Q

what is the role of controlled hyperventilation in patients with raised ICP?

A

hyperventilation = reduce CO2

vasoconstriction occurs

= recude ICP

63
Q

what is cushing triad in HTN?

A

widening pulse pressure
bradycardia
irregular breathing

64
Q
A

Final Year - Passmed (43 decks)

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