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Final Year - Passmed > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

classic signs of hip fracture?

A

shortened and externally rotated leg

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2
Q

Dynamic hip screw
weight bearing status post op

A

immediate post op weight bearing

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3
Q

knee pain

> twisting injury
knee gives way

A

meniscal tear
pain worse on straightening the knee

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4
Q

ACL stops the ____ from sliding ____?

A

anterior cruciate ligament stops the tibia from sliding forward

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5
Q

1st line for IX ACL tears

A

MRI scan

> RICE

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6
Q

osgood schlatter disease

A

growth of tibial tuberosity
pain in anterior aspect pf knee

pain exarcebated with physical activity

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7
Q

dynamic hip screw or intramedullary nail?

A

inter trochanteric fractures prefer DHS

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8
Q

pain analgesia in NOF

A

iliofascial nerve block

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9
Q

radiculopathy follows?

A

dermatomal distribution

C8

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10
Q

achilles tendonitis mx?

A

rest, NSAIDS

> 7 days

refer to physio

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11
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis?

A

central canal narrowed by tumour/ disc prolapse / similar degenerative changes

positional element ; better on sitting

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12
Q

Simmonds triad

A

palpation of tendon

examine angle of decline at rest

calf squeeze

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13
Q

suspected osteoporotic vertebral fracture 1st line investigation

A

xray spine

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14
Q

common complication of colles fracture resulting in weakness of index finger flexion?

A

median nerve injury

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15
Q

radial nerve injury affects?

A

extension of digits

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16
Q

all proximal pole fractures require?

A

surgical screw fixation

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17
Q

scaphoid fractures

when is urgent surgical fixation required?

A

displaced S frcatures

proximal scaphoid pole fractures

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18
Q

undisplaced scaphoid fractures?

A

cast 6-8 weeks

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19
Q

initial management of suspected / confirmed scaphoid fracture?

A

immobilsation with a futuro splint

refer to ortho with further imaging 7-10 days later

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20
Q

how to manage ankle fractures?

A

urgent closed reduction

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21
Q

ottawa ankle rules?

A

xrays only needed

1- pain in malleolar
2- tender over distal tibia
3- Bone tenderness over distal fibula

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22
Q

osteomyelitis investigation?

A

MRI of affected area

> swelling
infection
fever

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23
Q

when does surgery precede xray for ankle fracture?

A

evidence of neurovascular compromise

> parasthesia
reduced sensation
prolonged capillary refill

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24
Q

bouchards nodes are?

A

bony enlargements of PIP joint

25
Q

scaphoid fracture signs?

A

maximal tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox

pain elicited on telescoping of the tumb

pain on ulnar deviation

26
Q

Red flags for lower back pain?

A

<20, >50

history of previous malignancy
night pain
history of trauma
systemically unwell

27
Q

most common mechanism for ankle sprain?

A

inversion of the foot

28
Q

s1 nerve root compression

A

sensory loss lateral aspect of foot
weakness in plantar flexion

reduced ankle reflex
+ sciatic nerve stretch test

29
Q

initial improvement of cellulitis with antibiotics but persistent discharge and tenderness suggests?

A

abscess formation

> surgical drainage

30
Q

what back pain requires specialist review?

A

thoracic > lumbar > neck

31
Q

colles fracture?

A

dorsally displaced distal radius

dinner fork deform

32
Q

sickle cell and osteomyelitis?

A

non typhi salmonella

33
Q

prolapsed disc features?

A

leg pain
worse on back

> worse when sitting

34
Q

Mx of prolapse disc?

A

analgesia
physiotherapy
exercises

> 6 weeks
then refer for MRI

35
Q

de quervains tenosynovitis?

A

inflammation of the tendon on lateral aspect of the wrist and thumb

36
Q

finkelsteins test?

A

de quervains tenosynovitis
pull thumb of the patient in ulnar deviation

and flexion of thumb

37
Q

most common reason THR is revised?

A

aseptic loosening

38
Q

scaphoid fracture most common neurovascular structure to be involved?

A

dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery

39
Q

L3 nerve compression?

A

sensory loss over anterior thigh
weak quadriceps

reduced knee reflex

40
Q

Weber A fractures
management?

A

minimally displaced
stable

may weight bear / CAM boot

41
Q

patella fractures
direct injury?

A

undisplaced crack / comminuted fracture

intact extensor mechanism

42
Q

which patella fractures can be managed non op?

A

undisplaced

vertical (transverse)

intact extensory mechanism

43
Q

iliotibial band syndrome?

A

knee pain in runners

lateral knee pain

44
Q

L4 nerve root compression

A

sensory loss anterior aspect of the knee
medial malleolus

weak knee extesnion

hip adduction
reduced knee reflex

45
Q

nerve most likely to get injured in knee arthroplasty?

A

common peroneal nerve

46
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

mesenchymal tissue
bone

bone destruction

ensure pt seen by specialist in 48 hours

47
Q

rib fracture management?

A

conservative
appropriate analgesia
> NSAIDs
>Opioids
>intercostal nerve blocks

48
Q

what is cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

compression of the ulnar nerv and can present with tingling/numbness of 4th/5th finger

49
Q

Baker’s cyst?

A

asymptomatic fluctuant swelling behind the knee

> popliteal cyst

50
Q

what is a popliteal cyst?

A

distension of the gastrocnemius-semimembranous bursa

51
Q

biceps tendon rupture

A

2 tendons
long > glenoid

short > coracoid process

52
Q

popeye deformity?

A

rupture of the proximal tendon causes this

muslce > bulge in the arm

53
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation?

A

external rotation and abduction of the upper limb

54
Q

what is the phalens test?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome
reverse prayer sign
30-60 s

55
Q

what are oslers nodes
what can cause it?

A

tender
purple/red raised lesions with a pale centre

endocarditis
>immune complex deposition
> SLE
>gonorrhoea
> typhoid

56
Q

what is the triad of fat embolism?

A

respiratory
neurological
petechial rash

57
Q

rotator cuff injuries

A

subacromial impingment

calcific tendonitis
cuff tear
arthropathy

58
Q
A

Final Year - Passmed (43 decks)

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