Gastro 4

Question 1

achalasia first line mx?

Answer 1

pneumatic dilation

procedure involves passing a catheter with an attached balloon through the lower oesophageal sphincter, inflating the balloon to dilate the constriction, thereby alleviating symptoms.

Question 2

first-line anti-motility agent

IBS mx diarrhoae

Answer 2

loperamide

Question 3

Linaclotide

Answer 3

laxative for IBS

Question 4

What is the most appropriate way to treat this hypophosphataemia?

Answer 4

IV phosphate infusion
> phosphate polyfusor

Question 5

Hypophosphatemia is when its less than?

Answer 5

<0.80 mmol/L

Question 6

Choledocholithiasis

Answer 6

gallstones within the common bile duct

no inflammation
RUQ pain

Question 7

paracetamol overdose mx?

Answer 7

acetylcysteine

Question 8

is aspirin an NSAID?

Answer 8

yes dummy

Question 9

suspected gastric cancer investigation of choice

Answer 9

OGD

direct visualisation of gastric mucosa / biopsy

Question 10

staging gastric cancer after diagnosis

Answer 10

Endoscopic ultrasound and needle aspiration

Question 11

use of ALT in assessing liver function

Answer 11

not that useful
level does no correlate with severity of liver cirrhosis

Question 12

Proctitis

Answer 12

inflammation starting at the rectum and not spreading beyond the ileocaecal valve

Question 13

Which vitamin, if taken in high doses, can be teratogenic?

Answer 13

vitamin A

Question 14

_________s the investigation of choice for suspected perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s

Answer 14

MRI as this is a soft tissue pathology

Question 15

Barium enema is useful in identifying?

Answer 15

large colon pathologies
>polyps
> cancer

Question 16

Grading of hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 16

Grade I: Irritability
Grade II: Confusion, inappropriate behaviour
Grade III: Incoherent, restless
Grade IV: Coma

Question 17

with treating dyspepsia what is the two mx optipns?

Answer 17

test and treat - 13c breath / stool

PPI

if one fails do other

Question 18

ischaemic hepatitis

Answer 18

AST /ALT in 1000s

due to hypoperfusion

ldh markedly high

Question 19

what anatomical landmark differentiates between upper and lower GI bleed?

Answer 19

the ligament of treitz