Gastro 4 Flashcards
achalasia first line mx?
pneumatic dilation
procedure involves passing a catheter with an attached balloon through the lower oesophageal sphincter, inflating the balloon to dilate the constriction, thereby alleviating symptoms.
first-line anti-motility agent
IBS mx diarrhoae
loperamide
Linaclotide
laxative for IBS
What is the most appropriate way to treat this hypophosphataemia?
IV phosphate infusion
> phosphate polyfusor
Hypophosphatemia is when its less than?
<0.80 mmol/L
Choledocholithiasis
gallstones within the common bile duct
no inflammation
RUQ pain
paracetamol overdose mx?
acetylcysteine
is aspirin an NSAID?
yes dummy
suspected gastric cancer investigation of choice
OGD
direct visualisation of gastric mucosa / biopsy
staging gastric cancer after diagnosis
Endoscopic ultrasound and needle aspiration
use of ALT in assessing liver function
not that useful
level does no correlate with severity of liver cirrhosis
Proctitis
inflammation starting at the rectum and not spreading beyond the ileocaecal valve
Which vitamin, if taken in high doses, can be teratogenic?
vitamin A
_________s the investigation of choice for suspected perianal fistulae in patients with Crohn’s
MRI as this is a soft tissue pathology
Barium enema is useful in identifying?
large colon pathologies
>polyps
> cancer
Grading of hepatic encephalopathy
Grade I: Irritability
Grade II: Confusion, inappropriate behaviour
Grade III: Incoherent, restless
Grade IV: Coma
with treating dyspepsia what is the two mx optipns?
test and treat - 13c breath / stool
PPI
if one fails do other
ischaemic hepatitis
AST /ALT in 1000s
due to hypoperfusion
ldh markedly high
what anatomical landmark differentiates between upper and lower GI bleed?
the ligament of treitz
