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Final Year - Passmed > Neuro 4 > Flashcards

Neuro 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Syringomyelia presents with loss of pain and temp sensation why?

A

compression of the spinothalamic fibres decussating

anterior white commisure if the spine

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2
Q

what is ondansetron?
antagonist / agonist?
acts where?

s/e on heart?

A

5-HT serotonin antagonist

Chemoreceptor trigger zone

QTc prolongation

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3
Q

what is a risk with QTc prolongation?

A

ventricular tachyarrhythmias

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4
Q

what is the typical symptoms of Guillain Barre syndrome?

A

progressive symmetrical weakness

ascending fashion

immune mediated demyelination

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5
Q

what is co-careldopa?

A

levodopa

carbidopa
> decarboxylase inhibitor prevents peripheral metabolism of levodopa

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6
Q

Selegiline

A

monoamine oxidase B inhibitor

decreases the degradation of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway

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7
Q

Rotigotine

how is it given

A

transdermal patch

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8
Q

glycopyrronium bromide
can help with what s/e of parkinsons?

A

drooling of saliva

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9
Q

Dawson fingers:

A

hyperintense lesions penpendicular to the corpus callosum

seen in MRI for MS

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10
Q

miosis is?

A

pupil constriction

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11
Q

mydriasis?

A

pupil dilatation occurs in complete 3rd nerve palsy as unopposed radial dilator muscle

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12
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome

A

compression of brachial plexus
subclavian artery / vein

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13
Q

subclavian vein compression

A

painful diffuse arm swelling with distended veins

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14
Q

subclavian artery compression

A

painful arm claudication
ulceration
gangrene

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15
Q

pontine arteries radiate from?

A

basilar artery on brainstem

supply pons

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16
Q

motor tracts descend from the ____?

A

pons to supply limbs
bilateral paralysis

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17
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis presents with?

A

unilateral facial oedema

photophobia
palsies CN III, IV,V,VI

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18
Q

topiramate and propronalol are ?

A

prophylactic medication for migraines

topiramate is teratogenic

propranalol is contraindicated in asthmatics

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19
Q

First-line treatment for neuropathic pain i

A

amitriptyline
duloxetine
gabapentin
pregabalin

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20
Q

sensation in her armpit is impaired.

A

Intercostobrachial21

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21
Q

Smiths Fracture.

A

median nerve

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22
Q

arm is hanging loose on the side

pronated and medially rotated?

A

brachial trunk c5 c6

Erbs palsy

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23
Q

lumpke’s paralysis involving brachial trunks

A

c8 -T1

t1 can cause horners

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24
Q

surgical neck of the humerus fracture

which nerve at risk?

A

axillary
winds around the bone of the neck of the humerus

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25
Q

Headache linked to Valsalva manoeuvres

A

raised ICP until proven otherwise
non contrast CT

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26
Q

phenytoin

A

binds to sodium channels in creasing refractory period

inducer of p450

27
Q

what does intubate mean?

A

cuffed endotracheal tube

28
Q

LP results for guillain barre syndrome?

A

rise in protein with normal wcc

29
Q

first line imaging in neurogenic bladder dysfunction?

A

USS KUB

30
Q

natalizumab

A

antagonises alpha-4 beta-1-integrin

31
Q

triceps reflex

A

C7-C8

32
Q

biceps reflex

A

C5,c6

33
Q

supinator reflex tests

A

c6,c7
radial nerve

34
Q

why must dopaminergic medicatio be taken on time?

A

prevent neuroleptic malignant syndrome

sudden decrease in dopaminergic activity

35
Q

Acetazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat idiopathic intracranial htn

36
Q

s/e of triptans?

A

tightness of throat and chest
tingling
heat
heaviness
pressure

37
Q

Triptans MOA?

A

h-HT1b
5-ht1d

38
Q

temporal lobe seizure

A

rising epigastric feeling
deja vu

lip smacking / grabbing / plucking

39
Q

Todd’s paresis

A

focal seizures
vasoconstriction

40
Q

bitemporal hemianopia
if it is upper quadrants?

A

inferior chiasmal compression

pituitary adenoma

41
Q

lower quadrant defect

A

superior chiasmal compression
craniopharyngionma

42
Q

Gait
loss of heel to toe?

A

ataxic gait

43
Q

face blindness

A

temporal lobe of the brain

44
Q

posterior cerebral artery stroke?

A

visual agnosia

contralaterall homonymous hemianopia w macular sparing

45
Q

Superior homonymous quadrantanopias are caused by?

A
46
Q

GBS is a peripheral neuropathy so would present with?

A

LMN signs
> weakness
>hyporeflexia

47
Q

what is a myoclonic seizure?

A

rapid bilateral upper and lower limb muscle contraction and relaxation lasting around 10 seconds before stopping.

shaking but no loss of muscle tone / dropping / loc

48
Q

should all patients with bells be given steroids?

A

yes
if presenting wihtin 72 hours

49
Q

vitamine b1?

A

thiamine
essential for glial cells of the nervous system

50
Q

multiple system atrophy

A

parkinson plus syndrome characterised postural hypotension
impotence

51
Q

mx of steven johnson syndrome?

A

cease all medications
iV access
begin fluid hyrdation

52
Q

Pituitary apoplexy mx?

A

bleeding / infarction

IV hydrocortisone due to loss of acth

53
Q

Autonomic dysreflexia can only occur if the spinal cord injury occurs above ______

A

the T6 level

54
Q

‘Young’ stroke blood tests

A

autoimmune
thrombophilia screening

ANA
APL
ACL
Lupus
ESR
homocysteine
syphylis

55
Q

Tramadol MOA?

A

DUAL
weak opioid agonist
reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine

56
Q

Morphine MOA?

A

mu opiod receptors

57
Q

infantile spasms - wests syndrome

A

hypsarrhythmia on eeg

58
Q

Benign rolandic epilepsy

A

paraesthesia
‘fizzy’ or ‘buzzing’

59
Q

Common peroneal nerve lesion

A

foot dorsiflexion and foot eversion

60
Q

common peroneal nerve emerges from?

A

sciatic nerve

61
Q

tibial nerve

A

plantar flexors of ankle and toes

sensory loss on sole of foot

62
Q

pudendal nerve palsy

A

muscles of perineum and genitalia

63
Q

what is features of syncope rather than seizure?

A

rapid recovery no post ictal
presyncopal features

Final Year - Passmed (43 decks)

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