Endocrinology

Question 1

PTH level in primary hyperparathyroid?

what is calcium and phosphate?

Answer 1

PTH can be normal / high

calcium is high
phosphate is low

Question 2

causes of primary Hyperparathryoidism?

Answer 2

pituitary adenoma

bilateral hyperplasia
multiple adenoma

Question 3

management of acute DKA?

what should insulin be?

Answer 3

fixed rate insulin

continue long acting
hold short acting

Question 4

intravenous infusion rate of insulin for DKA includes?

Answer 4

0.1 unit/kg/hour of insulin
aim is to reduce ketones

Question 5

when should you add dextrose infusion

Answer 5

once glucose <14mmol

start 10% dextrose infusion rate of 125ml / hour

Question 6

primary hyperaldosteronism

how to differentiate between bilateral hyperplasia and conns?

Answer 6

Adrenal venous sampling

Question 7

T2DM
mx

if triple therapy fails?

Answer 7

switch a drug to either
GLP-1 mimetic

insulin

Question 8

2nd line T2DM

Answer 8

if not able to get under 58 mmol
7.5%

dual therapy

metformin

metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor
metformin + pioglitazone
metformin + sulfonylurea
metformin + SGLT-2 inhibitor

Question 9

example of a Dpp-4 inhibitor?

Answer 9

act on incretin system
DPP-4 usually breaks down GLP-1

Sitagliptin is an example

Question 10

pioglitazone MOA and example
negative s/e

Answer 10

thiazolidinedione

improves insulin sensitivity

weight gain
worsen HF

Question 11

Sulfonyureas

Answer 11

cause release of insulin from beta pancreatic cells

Glipizide

Question 12

SGLT2 inhibitors?

Answer 12

dapagliflozin

Question 13

most common cause of malignancy thyroid?

Answer 13

papillary carcinoma

Question 14

First line in thryoid nodules?

Answer 14

ultrasonograohy

Question 15

High-dose dexamethasone suppression test with a pituitary adenoma
affects on cortisol?
on acth?

Answer 15

cortisol not suppressed
ACTH suppressed

Question 16

an HBA1c of what is considered diagnostic if patient also has symptoms?

Answer 16

HBa1c of 48mmol >

6.5%

Question 17

Random glucose test diagnostic of T2DM?

Answer 17

11.1

Question 18

fasting glucose?

Answer 18

7.0 mmol/l

Question 19

what is pre diabetes?

Answer 19

42-47
6.0-6.4%

Question 20

OGTT impaired fasting glucose?

Answer 20

OGTT 2-hour value greater than or equal to 7.8 mmol/l but less than 11.1 mmol/l

Question 21

Diffusely reduced uptake of radioactive iodine-131

is shown in what?

Answer 21

subacute de quervein thyroiditis

Question 22

High-dose dexamethasone suppression test with an ectopic source of ACTH

Answer 22

not suppressed
not suppressed

Question 23

tender goitre and hyperthyroid signs

Answer 23

subacute (De Quervain’s) thyroiditis

Graves is not tendeer

Question 24

is the single most important blood test to assess a patient’s response to treatment with levothyroxine for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Answer 24

TSH

Question 25

what is klinefelters?

Answer 25

47 XXY
primary hypogonadism

testicular failure

Question 26

neoplastic lesions in the pituitary gland
parathyroid gland
pancreas

Answer 26

multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

all p’s

Question 27

multiple endocrine neoplasia 2?
2a

Answer 27

2p’s

parathyroid
phaeochromocytoma

Question 28

men type 2b?

Answer 28

medullary thyroid cancer
1P
phaechromocytome

marfanoid

Question 29

prednisolone / glucocorticoids can cause?

Answer 29

neutrophilia

Question 30

what is the difference between impaired fasting glucose

impaired glucose tolerance

Answer 30

impaired fasting is on a fasting plasma

6.1- 6.9

Impaired glucose tolerance is on an OGTT

7.8-11

Question 31

congenital androgen insensitivity syndrome

Answer 31

phenotype is female - female genitalia

genotype is male