Quiz 2 - Chapter 16

Question 1

Developmental motor disorders arising from a lesion or disorder of the brain. Disordered movement patterns are seen in the head/neck, arms, legs, and trunk. It is nonprogressive, nonhereditary, and noncontagious.

Answer 1

Cerebral palsy (CP)

Question 2

Immediate, direct result of the corticol lesion in the brain of someone with CP.

Answer 2

primary impairments

Question 3

Prenatal risk factors associated with the development of CP.

Answer 3

• Genetic disorders
• Maternal health factors (e.g. malnutrition, chronic stress)
• Teratogenic agents

Question 4

Perinatal risk factors associated with the development of CP.

Answer 4

• Prenatal conditions
• Premature detachment of the placenta
• Medical problems associated with prematurity
• Multiple births

Question 5

Postnatal risk factors associated with the development of CP.

Answer 5

• Degenerative disorders
• Infections
• Alcohol or drug intoxication transferred through breastfeeding
• Anoxic ischemic encephalopathy
• Trauma

Question 6

1) Abnormal muscle tone
2) Persistence of primitive reflexes
3) Atypical righting, equilibrium, and protective responses
4) Poor sensory processing
5) Joint hypermobility
6) Muscle weakness and poor muscle coactivation
7) Delays in typical progressing of motor skills and adaptive function
8) Decreased exploration of the environment

Answer 6

Common problems of Motor Development in children with CP.

Question 7

The force with which a muscle resists being lengthened and can also be defined as the muscle’s resting stiffness.

Answer 7

Muscle tone

Question 8

• Normal muscle tone
• Normal postural tone
• Developmental integration of early, primitive reflex patterns.
• Emergence of righting reactions, equilibrium reactions, and protective extension reactions.
• Intentional, voluntary movements against the forces of gravity.
• The ability to combine movement patterns in the performance of functional activities.

Answer 8

Postural mechanism

Question 9

CP affecting one extremity is commonly referred to as this…

Answer 9

monoplegia

Question 10

CP affecting upper and lower extremities on one side of the body…

Answer 10

hemiplegia

Question 11

CP affecting both lower extremities…

Answer 11

diplegia or paraplegia

Question 12

CP affecting all limbs…

Answer 12

quadraplegia

Question 13

CP affecting all limbs and the head/neck…

Answer 13

tetraplegia

Question 14

Four main types of movement disorder classifications for CP -

Answer 14

1) spastic
2) dyskinetic
3) ataxic
4) mixed

Question 15

A velocity-dependent resistance to stretch. (Associated with clonus, an extensor plantar response, and primitive reflexes.) When a child with this type of CP attempts to move, excessive muscle tone builds up and then is rapidly released. Results in poor control of voluntary movement and difficulty regulating the force of movement.

Answer 15

spasticity (Spastic CP)

Question 16

Includes athetoid, choreoathetoid, and dystonic CP. (Typically quadriplegia is seen in all three of these types.) Child will exhibit slow, writhing movements in combination with abrupt, irregular, and jerky movements. .

Answer 16

Dyskinetic CP (Dyskinesias)

Question 17

This type of CP has less effect on muscle tone, but greatly impacts balance and coordination. These children often appear clumsy and may have tremors involuntarily and at rest.

Answer 17

Ataxic CP (Ataxia)

Question 18

These are often used to help elongate tight muscles and correct misalignments in thumb web space, wrist, and fingers in children with spastic CP.

Answer 18

Orthoses