QUIZ 1-Chapter 8 Flashcards
What are basic self-care items for children?
feeding, eating, dressing, and undressing
What does oral motor control play a role in?
feeding, sound play, and oral exploration
Some ways to develop oral motor control are:
sucking from a nipple, drinking from a cup, munching and chewing
Moving of the tongue in a back and forth movement is called
suckling
Reflexes infants are born with are:
Rooting, suck-swallow, gag, phasic bite-release, and grasp
What age do kids have a strong gag/rooting/bite-release and will suck on hand or object coming in contact with their mouth
birth to 37-40 weeks
This age still shows strong reflexes and begins to drool a lot more. They also gain better lip control and will open mouth to wait for food
1-2 months
reflexes begin to diminish and increased head/body control is developed
3-5 months
Age: starts to shift weight and begins to grasp/hold objects, increased food exploration and begins to start to feed self
6 months
Age: may stand and pull up on furniture, more self control for food and liquid, develops voluntary release
7-9 months
Age: more jaw, tongue, and lip control; begins teething, stands independently
10-12 months
Age: excellent sucking, swallowing, and breathing coordination, walks alone, can hold cup independently without spilling
13-18 months
Age: swallows with lips closed, begins to run
19-24 months
Age: better tongue control for swallowing, develops better self feeding control
24-36 months
By what age should a child start assisting in dressing?
1 year
By what age should a child be able to take off loose clothing and begin to brush their teeth?
1.5 years
By what age should a child be able to help remove some clothing and begin to imitate adult hygiene care?
2 years
By what age does a child begin to remove their own clothing, able to put on their own coat, and gain daytime bladder control?
2.5 years
By what age does a child put on their own clothes, able to operate their own zipper and large buttons, and can go to the bathroom on their own (with help for wiping)?
3 years
By what age does a child start to pour from a pitcher and spread soft butter, and have less difficulty with toileting accidents?
3.5 years
By what age is a child able to buckle their own belt, put on most of their clothing the correct way, and starts to learn how to tie their shoe?
4 years
By what age is a child able to put a pullover on correctly every time, can tie and untie shoes, show proper hygiene skills with limited assist?
5 years
By what age is a child brushing their teeth independently?
6 years
What are home management activities?
tasks necessary to obtain and maintain one’s personal and household possessions
What are readiness skills?
skills necessary for successful participation in home management, community mobility, and care of others’ activities. There are different readiness skills for upcoming life events (school levels)
What is a child’s occupation?
PLAY!!!
Play characteristics at 12 months
directed towards self imitation of pat-a-cake and other movements, pretend play
Play characteristics at 18-24 months
role-playing with objects (feeding a doll), use of non-realistic objects in pretend
Play characteristics at 24-36 months
engagement in multi-step scenarios
Play characteristics at 36-48 months
use of language in play, advanced plans and story development, acting out sequences
Play characteristics at 48 months
imaginary play, role-playing
Play is progressive through Mary Reilly’s three stages: (p. 121)
1) exploratory
2) competency
3) achievement
Age manipulative, sensory toys are used (rattles, bells, swings, soft toys)
0-1 year
Age movement, manipulative, and sensory toys are used (push-pull toys, noisy toys)
1-2 years
Age pretend play, movement, manipulative, sensory toys are used (dolls, trucks, action figures, legos, clothes, tricycles)
2-4 years
Age pretend play, craft, activities, movement toys are used (swings, bikes, scooters, ball games, play-doh, arts and crafts)
4-6 years
Age pretend play, craft, activities, movement toys are used (gymnastics, jumping rope, coordinated games, craft kits)
6-8 years
Age movement, group games, manipulative toys are used (sports, higher level arts and crafts, cooking)
8-10 years
Age movement challenging games, activities that produce outcomes (sewing, knitting, competitive sports, woodworking, bowling, walking)
10 years and up
What are the three breakdown areas for children?
1) Early childhood
2) Middle childhood
3) Adolescence
Who developed Play History?
Nancy Takata
What format helps OT practitioners obtain information about a child’s play?
Play History
This was constructed by OT Susan Knox and is based on Piagetian cognitive stages and Parham’s social stages
Knox Preschool Play Scale (PPS)
This test objectively measures playfulness
Test of Playfulness (ToP)
