Exam 4 - Ch 17 Flashcards
OT practitioners use ______ and ____ techniques to help children perform in school, at home, or on the playground.
positioning, handling
Considered static - refers to children’s ability to maintain postural control while participating in activities.
positioning
This refers to dynamic techniques used to guide children’s or adolescents’ movements.
Handling
Movements in and out of different positions are called ___________ movements
transitional
Neonates are born with ______ because of their position in utero. It passively stretches all of the extensor muscles of the trunk particularly during the last trimester of pregnancy.
physiological flexion
When the skeletal system is aligned each side for the body develops adequate muscle strength needed for postural stability. This type of alignment helps children maintain the full ROM for movement.
Symmetrical
When helping children maintain a position, the OT practitioner considers _______ development and the many different positions.
typical
Children develop ____________ and _________ as they make sense of their position in space and view things from different angles.
perception; body awareness
Maintaining positions requires _____ control
postural
The ability to maintain or stabilize a posture
Stability
The ability to move into or assume a posture
Mobility
Balance, also referred to as ________, refers to the ability to maintain the center of gravity over the base of support.
Postural Stability
The point where where the total body weight is most evenly distributed over the base of support.
center of gravity
The center of gravity is known as the ________ when it relates to the child’s center of distribution.
center of mass
Those reactions that bring the body back to midline position and are defined as the maintenance of the proper alignment of the head and trunk in space.
righting reactions
These reactions help one maintain balance when the center of mass is shifted too far over the base of support
equilibrium reactions
These reactions occur when the body’s center of mass is shifted too far off the base of support and righting and equilibrium reactions cannot bring the body back to midline.
protective extension
This term refers to the change in the center of mass so that one can move the body part.
weight shift
Principles of Positioning (POP) for kids includes providing the child with a variety of ______ options throughout the day
positioning
(POP) for kids: Placing child in positions that enhance _______.
function
(POP) for kids: Avoiding positions that ____ the child’s movement.
restrict
(POP) for kids: Providing positions that are ________ for the child.
comfortable
(POP) for kids: Considering _____ when prescribing position
safety
(POP) for kids: Ensuring proper skeletal alignment and ____ during positioning of the child
symmetry
(POP) for kids: Recommending ________ equipment that provides external stability to facilitate movement
positioning
What position facilitates neck and trunk extension and thus helps children build muscle strength and stability in the neck, upper back, shoulders, arms, and hands?
prone
Within the first months of life, as ______ develops, physiologic flexion becomes less and less.
cervical extension
When working with an infant or child who is in the ____ position, support the child’s head in a flexed forward position.
supine
What position requires coactivation of the head and trunk flexors and extensors?
side-lying
This type of awareness promotes successful engagement in functional activities such as bringing the hands to the mouth or manipulating a toy bilaterally
body scheme awareness
This position requires children to maintain postural control of the head, trunk, and extremities against the pull of gravity and requires coactivation of the trunk flexors and extensors.
Sitting position
Sitting guidlelines 4 kids (SG4K): Hips and knees are flexed to __ degrees.
90
SG4K: ______ rests against chair back.
back
SG4K: The trunk is _____.
vertical
SG4K: The body is _____.
symmetrical
SG4K: The __ is aligned with the ___, at midline, and flexed slightly forward.
head, trunk
SG4K: Name the 3 back curves…
cervical, thoracic, and lumbar
SG4k: Both feet are positioned ______.
flat on the floor
The tabletop or lapboard is positioned at _______.
elbow height
_______ chairs are frequently used to decrease muscle tone in the hip adductors and internal rotation
bolster
What weights do wheelchairs come in?
ultralight, light, and heavy
What is it called when rear tires are filled with air?
pneumatic
Children with poor trunk control may favor a _-sitting position
W
What is the goal of therapeutic positioning?
To provide the necessary support to promote children’s active engagement in occupations.
What is NDT?
Neurodevelopmental Treatment
What is NDT in a nutshell?
Through Reputition of movement, children develop neural pathways to help them move efficiently and accurately
Name some proximal key points of control
shoulders, hips, trunk, and pelvis
Inhibitory techniques are used to reduce ______.
hypertonicity
facilitation techniques are used to reduce _______.
hypotonicity (reduce is the key word - reduce the lack of muscle…get it? So basically you are trying to increase muscle strength)
For a list of NDT principles that guide interventions, see page 337 and 338
That’s it - freebie to increase percentage
This type of therapy is used to facilitate normal postural control and movements so that children are able to engage in meaningful and age-appropriate activities.
Therapeutic Handling
What does NDT start with?
assessment
