Questions Flashcards
conveys impulses to control the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk
pyramidal tracts
what includes the pyramidal tracts?
lateral and ventral corticospinal tracts
conduct signals that regulate those body movements that are subconscious or postural in nature
extrapyramidal tracts
what are the extrapyramidal tracts
- rubrospinal
- tectospinal
- vestibulospinal
- reticulospinal
The pyramidal tracts’ _______ reside in the cerebral hemispheres’ motor cortex
The pyramidal tracts’ upper motor neurons (UMNs)
The ____ of the extrapyramidal tracts are housed within the brainstem and cerebellar cortex.
UMNs
The ___________ of both pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts are located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
The lower motor neurons (LMNs)
The axons of LMNs exit the spinal cord as the ventral root of the spinal nerve and target the skeletal muscles.
UMN site of injury
Motor cortex, medulla, anterolateral white columns of spinal cord
LMN site of injury
Anterior grey horn, Ventral root, spinal/peripheral nerve
hyperreflexia
absent faciciulations
slow progressing atrophy
UMN lesion
Hypo-reflexia
present faciciulations
rapid progressing atrophy
LMN lesion
Control of automatic modifications of tone andmovements
Control of the movements that are originally voluntary but thenbecome automatic through exercise and learning (e.g., in writing)
Inhibition of involuntary movements (hyperkinesias), which are particularly evident in extrapyramidal diseases
extrapyramidal tracts function
