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MSK > Elbow, Radioulnar and Hand joint > Flashcards

Elbow, Radioulnar and Hand joint Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 joints does the elbow complex include

A

the humero-radial joint
the humero-ulnar joint
the proximal radial ulnar joint

all of these joints are surrounded by the same capsule

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2
Q

what two joints are considered the common elbow joint?

A

the humero-radial joint
the humero-ulnar joint

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3
Q

what impression is on the head of the radius

A

the fovea

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4
Q

where is the axis of motion of the elbow complex?

A

approximately on humans slightly distal to the epicondyles of the humerus
- more oblique than horizontal

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5
Q

what is the carrying angle of the elbow complex?

A

varies from 5-19 degrees
more in women than men

When your arms are held out at your sides and your palms are facing forward your forearm and hands should normally point about 5 to 15 degrees away from your body. This is the normal “carrying angle” of the elbow.

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6
Q

what is the purpose of the carrying angle?

A

This angle allows your forearms to clear your hips when you swing your arms, such as during walking or other activities. It is also important when carrying objects. Certain fractures of the elbow can increase the carrying angle of the elbow, causing the arms to stick out too much from the body.

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7
Q

what is cubitus varus

A

It occurs in only the extension type of supracondylar fracture of the humerus, causing a reduction or loss of the carrying angle

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8
Q

what is cubitus valgus

A

a deformity in which the forearm is angled out away from the body when the arm is fully extended

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9
Q

what are the 4 ligaments at the elbow joint?

A

Medial collateral ligament. Located on the inside of the elbow this ligament connects the ulna to the humerus.

Lateral collateral ligament. Located on the outside of the elbow this ligament connects the radius to the humerus.

Annular ligament

Quadrate ligament.

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10
Q

what type of ligaments are found at the elbow joint

A

intrinsic ligaments

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11
Q

Mnemonic: 3 B’s bend the elbow? What causes extension? Which small muscle also helps the elbow flex?

A

Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis muscles
Extension - Triceps brachii muscle
- anconeus also helps elbow flex

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12
Q

The ________ head of the Triceps brachii is the strong of the three heads

A

Lateral Triceps brachii

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13
Q

active ROM of motion for elbow flexion

A

145%

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14
Q

passive ROM of motion for elbow flexion

A

160%

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15
Q

elbow extension ROM

A

0%

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16
Q

hyperextension ROM

A

5-10%

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17
Q

the articular surface of the proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

A

Head of radius, radial fossa of ulna

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18
Q

ligaments of proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

A

Annular ligament - forms a ring (holds the head of the radius)
quadrate ligament

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19
Q

movements of the proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

A

supination and pronation

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20
Q

the articular surface of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

A

Distal head of ulna, the ulnar notch of the radius

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21
Q

what is a special feature of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

A

Triangular fibrocartilage complex: Articular disc of distal radioulnar joint

covered by hyaline cartilage

disc separation radio-ulnar joint to radial-carpal joint

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22
Q

supporting ligaments of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

A

dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments

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23
Q

which joint is between the shafts of the radius and ulna, united by an interosseous membrane.

A

the middle radioulnar joint

24
Q

what type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint

A

a fibrous joint
- ampharthrosis: permitting only slight movement

25
Q

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint

A

This joint is a synovial, uniaxial, pivot joint

26
Q

what type of joint the proximal radioulnar joint

A

This joint is a synovial, uniaxial, pivot joint.

27
Q

all synovial joints are

A

diarthrosis

28
Q

what is protonation ROM

A

80 degrees

29
Q

what is the main supinator of the radio-ulnar joint? What is the supination of ROM?

A

biceps brachii
90%

30
Q

Why does the triceps brachii contract when you squeeze your first maximally?

A

To stabilize the elbow (not waste energy in elbow movement)

To stabilize the proximal attachments of the finger and wrist muscles

Contraction in both the elbow flexors and the triceps brachii with a tension roughly proportionate to the amount of force produced at the fist

31
Q

the articular complex of the wrist (wrist complex) (3)

A

The radio-carpal joint
The mid-carpal joint
Intercarpal joints

32
Q

what is usually known as just the wrist joint?

A

radio-carpal joint

33
Q

The ligaments of the radio-carpal joint are arranged in two groups:

A

The collateral ligaments
The anterior and posterior ligaments

34
Q

a synovial planar (plane) joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones (except pisiform).

A

The mid-carpal joint

35
Q

a group of small synovial planar joints between the proximal or distal carpal bones.

A

Intercarpal joints

36
Q

what are the two collateral ligaments of the wrist joint

A
  1. ulnar collateral ligament
  2. radial collateral ligament
37
Q

the _______ ligament expansions from the radius to the pisiform bone;

A

Palmar (anterior) radio-carpal ligament

38
Q

movements of the radio-carpal joint

A

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

39
Q

when is the radial collateral ligament stretched?

A

adduction

40
Q

when is the ulnar collateral ligament stretched?

A

abduction

41
Q
A
42
Q

radial deviation ROM

A

15
- limited due to the styloid process of the radius

43
Q

ulnar deviation ROM

A

30

44
Q

In general, the range of abduction and adduction is minimal when the wrist is ________ or __________, because of the tension developed in carpal ligaments.

A

fully flexed or extended

45
Q

Wrist Adduction and abduction is synergistic combination of

A

of the wrist flexors and
extensors result in adduction and abduction

46
Q

Wrist Adduction: a combined effort by (2)

A

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

47
Q

Wrist Abduction: a combined effort by (4)

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus

48
Q

Wrist Flexion: a combined effort by (6)

A

Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus

49
Q

Wrist Extension: a combined effort by (8)

A

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Indicis

50
Q

what type of joint is Carpometacarpal Joint 1? What types of movement does it permit?

A
  • synovial saddle joint
  • flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
  • a little bit of rotation during opposition
51
Q

which CMC joints have the least amount of movement?

A

2nd and 3rd CMC (motion of 2 degrees or less)
axis of the hand passes through the 3rd

52
Q

The ____ CMC joint has 10 to 15 of dorso-volar movement.

A

4th

53
Q

MCP joint is what type of joint?

A

(Metacarpophalangeal)
Synovial, condyloid joint

54
Q

what are the ligaments at the MCP joint?

A

collateral ligament and palmar ligament (aka palmar plate)

55
Q

When the MCP joint is in 90 of flexion, the __________ are taut

A

collateral ligaments

MSK (30 decks)

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