Elbow, Radioulnar and Hand joint

Question 1

what 3 joints does the elbow complex include

Answer 1

the humero-radial joint
the humero-ulnar joint
the proximal radial ulnar joint

all of these joints are surrounded by the same capsule

Question 2

what two joints are considered the common elbow joint?

Answer 2

the humero-radial joint
the humero-ulnar joint

Question 3

what impression is on the head of the radius

Answer 3

the fovea

Question 4

where is the axis of motion of the elbow complex?

Answer 4

approximately on humans slightly distal to the epicondyles of the humerus
- more oblique than horizontal

Question 5

what is the carrying angle of the elbow complex?

Answer 5

varies from 5-19 degrees
more in women than men

When your arms are held out at your sides and your palms are facing forward your forearm and hands should normally point about 5 to 15 degrees away from your body. This is the normal “carrying angle” of the elbow.

Question 6

what is the purpose of the carrying angle?

Answer 6

This angle allows your forearms to clear your hips when you swing your arms, such as during walking or other activities. It is also important when carrying objects. Certain fractures of the elbow can increase the carrying angle of the elbow, causing the arms to stick out too much from the body.

Question 7

what is cubitus varus

Answer 7

It occurs in only the extension type of supracondylar fracture of the humerus, causing a reduction or loss of the carrying angle

Question 8

what is cubitus valgus

Answer 8

a deformity in which the forearm is angled out away from the body when the arm is fully extended

Question 9

what are the 4 ligaments at the elbow joint?

Answer 9

Medial collateral ligament. Located on the inside of the elbow this ligament connects the ulna to the humerus.

Lateral collateral ligament. Located on the outside of the elbow this ligament connects the radius to the humerus.

Annular ligament

Quadrate ligament.

Question 10

what type of ligaments are found at the elbow joint

Answer 10

intrinsic ligaments

Question 11

Mnemonic: 3 B’s bend the elbow? What causes extension? Which small muscle also helps the elbow flex?

Answer 11

Flexion - Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis muscles
Extension - Triceps brachii muscle
- anconeus also helps elbow flex

Question 12

The ________ head of the Triceps brachii is the strong of the three heads

Answer 12

Lateral Triceps brachii

Question 13

active ROM of motion for elbow flexion

Answer 13

145%

Question 14

passive ROM of motion for elbow flexion

Answer 14

160%

Question 15

elbow extension ROM

Answer 15

0%

Question 16

hyperextension ROM

Answer 16

5-10%

Question 17

the articular surface of the proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 17

Head of radius, radial fossa of ulna

Question 18

ligaments of proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 18

Annular ligament - forms a ring (holds the head of the radius)
quadrate ligament

Question 19

movements of the proximal (superior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 19

supination and pronation

Question 20

the articular surface of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 20

Distal head of ulna, the ulnar notch of the radius

Question 21

what is a special feature of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 21

Triangular fibrocartilage complex: Articular disc of distal radioulnar joint

covered by hyaline cartilage

disc separation radio-ulnar joint to radial-carpal joint

Question 22

supporting ligaments of the distal (inferior) radio-ulnar joint

Answer 22

dorsal and palmar radioulnar ligaments

Question 23

which joint is between the shafts of the radius and ulna, united by an interosseous membrane.

Answer 23

the middle radioulnar joint

Question 24

what type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint

Answer 24

a fibrous joint
- ampharthrosis: permitting only slight movement

Question 25

what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 25

This joint is a synovial, uniaxial, pivot joint

Question 26

what type of joint the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 26

This joint is a synovial, uniaxial, pivot joint.

Question 27

all synovial joints are

Answer 27

diarthrosis

Question 28

what is protonation ROM

Answer 28

80 degrees

Question 29

what is the main supinator of the radio-ulnar joint? What is the supination of ROM?

Answer 29

biceps brachii 90%

Question 30

Why does the triceps brachii contract when you squeeze your first maximally?

Answer 30

To stabilize the elbow (not waste energy in elbow movement) To stabilize the proximal attachments of the finger and wrist muscles Contraction in both the elbow flexors and the triceps brachii with a tension roughly proportionate to the amount of force produced at the fist

Question 31

the articular complex of the wrist (wrist complex) (3)

Answer 31

The radio-carpal joint The mid-carpal joint Intercarpal joints

Question 32

what is usually known as just the wrist joint?

Answer 32

radio-carpal joint

Question 33

The ligaments of the radio-carpal joint are arranged in two groups:

Answer 33

The collateral ligaments The anterior and posterior ligaments

Question 34

a synovial planar (plane) joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones (except pisiform).

Answer 34

The mid-carpal joint

Question 35

a group of small synovial planar joints between the proximal or distal carpal bones.

Answer 35

Intercarpal joints

Question 36

what are the two collateral ligaments of the wrist joint

Answer 36

1. ulnar collateral ligament 2. radial collateral ligament

Question 37

the _______ ligament expansions from the radius to the pisiform bone;

Answer 37

Palmar (anterior) radio-carpal ligament

Question 38

movements of the radio-carpal joint

Answer 38

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

Question 39

when is the radial collateral ligament stretched?

Answer 39

adduction

Question 40

when is the ulnar collateral ligament stretched?

Answer 40

abduction

Question 42

radial deviation ROM

Answer 42

15 - limited due to the styloid process of the radius

Question 43

ulnar deviation ROM

Answer 43

30

Question 44

In general, the range of abduction and adduction is minimal when the wrist is ________ or __________, because of the tension developed in carpal ligaments.

Answer 44

fully flexed or extended

Question 45

Wrist Adduction and abduction is synergistic combination of

Answer 45

of the wrist flexors and extensors result in adduction and abduction

Question 46

Wrist Adduction: a combined effort by (2)

Answer 46

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 47

Wrist Abduction: a combined effort by (4)

Answer 47

Flexor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus

Question 48

Wrist Flexion: a combined effort by (6)

Answer 48

Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 49

Wrist Extension: a combined effort by (8)

Answer 49

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Indicis

Question 50

what type of joint is Carpometacarpal Joint 1? What types of movement does it permit?

Answer 50

- synovial saddle joint - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction - a little bit of rotation during opposition

Question 51

which CMC joints have the least amount of movement?

Answer 51

2nd and 3rd CMC (motion of 2 degrees or less) axis of the hand passes through the 3rd

Question 52

The ____ CMC joint has 10 to 15 of dorso-volar movement.

Answer 52

4th

Question 53

MCP joint is what type of joint?

Answer 53

(Metacarpophalangeal) Synovial, condyloid joint

Question 54

what are the ligaments at the MCP joint?

Answer 54

collateral ligament and palmar ligament (aka palmar plate)

Question 55

When the MCP joint is in 90 of flexion, the __________ are taut

Answer 55

collateral ligaments