Lecture 11 - Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Muscles

Question 2

A tough fibrous sheath that invests the thigh like a sleeve. It is thickened laterally where it forms a band called the iliotibial tract or band (ITT or ITB)

Answer 2

Thigh Deep Fascia (Fascia Lata)

Question 3

Gluteal max
function and innervation

Answer 3

MAIN FUN: Extension of the thigh (hip joint)

Abduction (hip joint) (upper ⅓)
Adduction (lower 2/3)
Lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
Posterior pelvic tilt
Helps lock the knee in extension - by attachment to IT band

N: Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 4

is a broad, thick muscle situated on the outer surface of the pelvis. Its posterior third is covered by the gluteus maximus muscle

Answer 4

gluteus medius

Question 5

gluteus medius
function and innervation

Answer 5

Abduction of the thigh (hip joint) (entire muscle)
Flexion of the thigh (hip joint) (anterior fibres)
Medial rotation of the thigh (anterior fibres)
Extension of the thigh (posterior fibres)
Lateral rotation of the thigh (posterior fibres)

N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 6

Gluteus minimus
function and innervation

Answer 6

Abduction of the thigh (hip joint) (entire muscle)
Flexion of the thigh (hip joint) (anterior fibres)
Medial rotation of the thigh (anterior fibres)
Extension of the thigh (posterior fibres)
Lateral rotation of the thigh (posterior fibres)

N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 7

Deltoid Muscle of the hip joint = which two muscles

Answer 7

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 8

Tensor fascia lata
function and innervation

Answer 8

1. Flexion of the thigh (hip j.)
2. Abduction of thigh (hip j.)
3. Medial rotation (hip j.)
4. Anterior pelvic tilt
5. Tenses ITB to support femur on the tibia during standing

N: superior gluteal nerve

Question 9

what are the 6 Deep Gluteal Muscles? What are these innervated by?

Answer 9

1. piriformis
2. superior gemellus
3. obturator internus
4. inferior gemellus
5. quadratus femoris
6. obturator externus

innervated by the sacral plexus

Question 10

common function of Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus and Inferior gemellus

Answer 10

abduction

Question 11

common function of Quadratus femoris and Obturator externus

Answer 11

adduction

Question 12

what is the common function of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 12

lateral rotation

Question 13

Piriformis
function and innervation

Answer 13

Lateral rotation and horizontal abduction of thigh (hip j.)

N: Nerve to piriformis from Sacral plexus

Question 14

Superior gemellus
function and innervation

Answer 14

Lateral rotation (hip j.) and horizontal abduction of the thigh (hip j.)

N: Nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)

Question 15

Obturator internus
function and innervation

Answer 15

Lateral rotation (hip j.) and horizontal abduction of the thigh (hip j.)

N: Nerve to obturator internus (from sacral plexus)

Question 16

Inferior gemellus
function and innvervation

Answer 16

Fun: Lateral rotation (hip j.) and horizontal abduction of the thigh (hip j.)

N–Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)

Question 17

Quadratus femoris
function and innervation

Answer 17

Fun: Lateral rotation (hip j.) and horizontal adduction of the thigh (weak) (hip j.)

N: Nerve to quadratus femoris (from sacral plexus)

Question 18

Obturator externus
function and innervation

Answer 18

Fun: Lateral rotation (hip j.) and horizontal adduction of the thigh (weak) (hip j.)

N: Obturator (from lumbar plexus)

Question 19

what are the three compartments of the thigh muscles

Answer 19

anterior
medial
posterior

Question 20

The anterior compartment’s common function and innervation

Answer 20

extension at the knee
femoral nerve

Question 21

The medial compartment’s common function and innervation

Answer 21

adductor

innervated by mainly the obturator nerve (with an exception for the pectineus muscle that is innervated by the femoral nerve and adductor magnus muscle that is innervated by both obturator and tibial nerves

Question 22

The posterior compartment’s common function and innervation

Answer 22

extension at hip and flexion at knee

innervated by the sciatic nerve (divides into two branches)

Question 23

muscles within the posterior compartment of the thigh (3)

Answer 23

1. Biceps femoris
2. semitendinosus
3. semimembranosus

Question 24

Biceps femoris
function and innervation

Answer 24

Fun: (3)
1. Flexion of the leg (knee j.) (entire muscle)

2. Extension of the thigh (hip j.) (long head)
3. Lateral rotation of the leg @ knee j. (when the knee is flexed)

N: Tibial (long head) and common fibular (peroneal) (short head)

Question 25

Semitendinosus
function and innervation

Answer 25

Fun: (3)
1. Flexion of the leg (knee j.)
2. Extension of the thigh (hip j.)
3. Medial rotation of leg @ knee j. (when the knee is flexed)

N: tibial

Question 26

Semimembranosus
function and innervation

Answer 26

function (3)
1. Flexion of the leg (knee j.)
2. Extension of the thigh (hip j.)
3. Medial rotation of leg @ knee j. (when the knee is flexed)

N: Tibial

Question 27

what muscle is known as lateral hamstring? which two are known as the medial hamstrings?

Answer 27

Biceps is known as the lateral hamstring & ST & SM as the medial hamstrings

note: shortening of the hamstring can have effect on low back pain!!