bones of the upper extremities Flashcards
how many bones in the axial skeleton
80
how many bones in the appendicular skeleton
126
humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bone, phalanges
upper limb
femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges
lower limb
Pelvic Girdle: is made by which bone?
Shoulder girdle: is made by which bones?
what bone is the only bone that lies horizontally?
the clavicle
an “S” shaped bone, anteriorly convex in the medial 2/3 of its length, while the lateral 1/3 is concave anteriorly.
the clavicle
clavicle ends
sternal end at the sternal
acromial end towards the scapula
on the clavical, near the sternal end, on the lower surface of the clavicle, is the impression for the ________ ligament.
costoclavicular
The ______________ for subclavian muscle attachment muscle lies on the inferior surface of the clavicular body. The prominent _______ tubercle lies near the acromial end close to the _________.
subclavian groove, conoid, trapezoid line
is a triangular flat bone that lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax, overlying the 2nd–7th ribs
the scapula (shoulder blade)
name the boarders of the scapula
the medial (vertebral) border, a lateral border and a superior border.
which are separated from each other by the superior and inferior angles and the truncated lateral angle
The anterior or costal surface is flat and slightly concave (_____________).
subscapular foss
The dorsal surface is divided by the spine of the scapula into a smaller ______________and a larger __________ fossa
supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossaa
The spine of the scapula has a triangular base medially, which rises laterally to terminate in a flattened process, the _________.
acromion
Near the lateral end lies an oval articular facet for articulation with the clavicle, the ___________.
acromial articular facet
what is a readily palpable bony point on the scapula?
acromial angle
The lateral angle of the scapula bears the ______ cavity
glenoid
Below the glenoid cavity lies the ________ tubercle. The neck of the scapula is adjacent to the glenoid cavity.
infraglenoid
The _______ process lies above the glenoid cavity. It is bent at a right angle ventro-laterally
coracoid
Medial to the base of the coracoid process, on the upper border of the scapula, lies the ___________
suprascapular notch.
what does the humerus consist of?
the body and upper (proximal) and lower (distal) ends
The proximal end is formed by the ____ of the humerus, adjoining __________, the _____ tubercle, and the _______ tubercle.
The proximal end is formed by the head of the humerus, adjoining anatomical neck, the greater tubercle, and the lesser tubercle.
humerus: Between these tubercles, the intertubercular (bicipital) groove or _______ is located.
sulcus
The ___________ lies proximally on the body of the humerus
surgical neck
humerus: In the middle of the body lies laterally the _____________
deltoid tuberosity.
humerus: Behind the deltoid tuberosity, there is very shallow sulcus known as __________ (for the ___________).
radial groove for the radial nerve
Humerus: The body may be divided into an antero-medial surface with a medial border, and an antero-lateral surface with a lateral border, which become sharpened distally and is called the
lateral and medial supracondylar ridges.
Humerus: The groove for the radial nerve lies on the ________ surface of the body.
posterior
Humerus: The distal end of the humerus bears on its medial side the large __________ and on the lateral side the smaller ___________.
medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle
Humerus: The distal end of the humerus—including the trochlea and capitulum, as well as the olecranon, coronoid, and radial fossae—makes up the _______________.
condyle of the humerus
Humerus: The condyle has two articular surfaces: a lateral __________ (L., little head) for articulation with the head of the radius and a medial, spool-shaped or pulley-like ________ (L., pulley) for articulation with the proximal end (trochlear notch) of the ulna.
capitulum, trochlea
Humerus: The __________ lies proximal to the _________ and proximal to the trochlea is the somewhat larger __________ (Both fossae are on the anterior surface of the distal end)
radial fossa, capitulum, coronoid fossa
Humerus: Medial to the trochlea, there is a shallow groove, the sulcus for the ulnar nerve. On the posterior surface above the trochlea is a deep pit, the _____________.
olecranon fossa
The _______ is the shorter bone on the lateral side of the forearm and consists of a shaft and proximal and distal ends.
radius
Radius: At the proximal end is the head of the radius bearing the ________Radius: articularis, which is continuous with the articular circumference.
fovea
Radius: On the transition between the neck of the radius and the shaft lies the ____________
radial tuberosity
Radius: At the lower end of the radius lies the styloid process and medial to it, is the _________
styloid process, ulnar notch
Radius: The carpal articular surface faces ______
distally
Radius: The bony elevation, which lies on the dorsal surface of distal end is called the dorsal tubercle or ________.
Lister’s tubercle
The medial and longer of the two forearm bones.
ulna
For articulation with the humerus, the ulna has two prominent projections:
The olecranon and the coronoid process
projection which projects proximally from its posterior aspect
The olecranon
projection which projects anteriorly.
coronoid process
The olecranon and coronoid processes form the walls of the trochlear notch.
trochlear notch
the tuberosity of the ulna is ________ to the coronoid process
inferior
On the lateral side of the coronoid process is a rounded concavity, the _______. Which receives the broad periphery of the head of the radius.
radial notch
Inferior to the radial notch on the lateral surface of the ulnar shaft is a prominent ridge, the ___________.
supinator crest
Between the supinator crest and the distal part of the coronoid process is a concavity, the _____________.
supinator fossa
The shaft of the ulna has a medial (interosseous) border that gives attachment to the interosseous membrane.
At the distal end of the ulna is the head of the ulna with a small, conical ulnar _______________.
styloid process
In the proximal row from lateral to medial are the
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and superimposed on it the pisiform.
In the distal row from lateral to the medial side are the
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate.
what is the largest bone in the proximal row? On its palmar surface is a tubercle
The scaphoid
On the palmar surface of the hamate, there is the _______________ which is curved laterally.
hamulus (hook of hamate),
The eight carpal bones form an arch called the. Which is concave _______
carpal arch, anteriorly
The arch is converted into a tunnel by the thinking of the deep fascia on the anterior wrist known as ___________ to a tunnel, the ______ tunnel.
flexor retinaculum, carpal
_______ tendons and a nerve pass through the tunnel from the forearm to the hand.
Nine
The _____ metacarpals of the hand each has a head, a shaft and a base.
five
On all of them, there are articular facets at one end (base) for articulation with the carpals and at the other end (head) for the proximal phalanges.
Each digit consists of more than one bone, namely a _______, a _____ and a ______ phalanx
proximal, middle and distal
The only exception is the thumb which has only _____ phalanges, which are
twom a proximal and a distal
Each phalange has
a shaft, a head, and a base.
