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MSK > Neuroanatomy 2 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The CNS is surrounded and protected by three membranes of connective tissue collectively known as

A

as meninges:
the dura mater
arachnoid mater,andpia materfrom outside to inside.

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2
Q

what is the 3 protective layers of the CNS

A
  1. bone
  2. connective tissue
  3. fluid - CSF
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3
Q

is a thick layer of dense connective tissue that attaches to the inner surface of the neurocranium in the skull but is separated from the walls of the vertebral canal by the epidural space.

A

dura mater

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4
Q

The dura mater surrounding the spinal cord ends at the level of vertebra ____

A

S2

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5
Q

The dura mater within the skull comprises an outer _________ layer and an inner _______ layer.

A

periosteal and meningeal

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6
Q

the __________ layer of the dura mater is attached to the inner surface of the cranial cavities

A

periosteal layer

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7
Q

the meningeal layer of the dura mater separates from the periosteal layer in several locations to form two distinct structures:

A
  1. Dural reflections
  2. Dural sinuses
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8
Q

what are the three reflections:

A

Falx cerebri

Tentorium cerebelli

Falx cerebelli

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9
Q

which dural reflection can be described as a sagittal sickle shape reflection of the dura mater that occupies the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum and partially separates the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Falx cerebri

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10
Q

which dural reflection can be described as a tent-like horizontal sheet that intervenes between the cerebellum and occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres. It is notched anteriorly to provide a passage for the midbrain.

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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11
Q

which dural reflection can be described as a less prominent vertical reflection of the dura in the sagittal plane along the vermis that partially separates the cerebellar hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebelli

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12
Q

what are venous channels between the two layers of the cranial dura mater? The superficial veins of the brain are collected by these

A

dural sinuses

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13
Q

The main dural sinuses include:(6)

A

The cavernous sinuses
superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
The straight sinus
The transverse sinuses
The sigmoid sinuses

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14
Q

Dura Sinuses: are a pair of sinuses located in the middle cranial fossa on either side of the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and collect the venous blood of the orbital cavity contents.

A

The cavernous sinuses

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15
Q

Dura Sinuses: is an unpaired short sinus that receives the posterior end of the inferior sagittal sinus and great cerebral vein and joins the posterior end of the superior sagittal sinus.

A

The straight sinus

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16
Q

Dura Sinuses: are unpaired sinuses contained within the superior and inferior margins of the falx cerebri, respectively.

A

The superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

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17
Q

Dura Sinuses: paired sinuses housed in the posterior margin of the tentorium cerebelli and receive the superior sagittal and straight sinuses.

A

The transverse sinuses

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18
Q

Dura Sinuses: paired sinuses located in a groove on the interior surface of the mastoid process of temporal bones. These sinuses receive all other dural sinuses (directly or indirectly) and empty into the internal jugular veins.

A

The sigmoid sinuses

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19
Q

Named for its “web-like” appearance. What is this layer called?

A

Arachnoid mater

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20
Q

what do arachnoid villus / arachnoid granulations do?

A

are projections of the arachnoid membrane (villi) into the dural sinuses that allow CSF to pass from the subarachnoid space into the venous system

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21
Q

which layer is tightly adhered to neural tissue itself

A

Pia mater

22
Q

which dural reflection divides two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

flax cerebri

23
Q

which dural reflection divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

24
Q

which dural reflection divides the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

A

flax cerebelli

25
Q

The arachnoid mater is separated from the pia mater by__________space, mainly containing the CSF

A

subarachnoid

26
Q

The subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord continues inferiorly and ends at the level of vertebra ___

A

S2

27
Q

what is the lumbar cistern

A
  • region in the lower back
  • Enlargement of the subarachnoid space that occurs at the conus meullaris and end of dural sace (around the causa equina)
  • Site for lumbar puncture
28
Q

is a delicate, thin layer of connective tissue that is intimately in touch with the surface of the brain and spinal cord. This layer follows the contours of the brain and spinal cord and carries the blood vessels to the depth of the nervous tissue of the CNS

A

pia mater

29
Q

are thickenings of the pia mater that suspend the spinal cord in the middle of its dural sheath. Anchor the cord to the dural sheath.

A

Denticulate ligaments (tooth-like extensions)

30
Q

where are Denticulate ligaments located and what is their role?

A

located between ventral and dorsal nerve roots

Protect the spinal cord against shock and sudden displacement/trauma

31
Q

The___________is an extension of the pia mater arising from the conus medullaris that extends inferiorly and fuses with the arachnoid and dura mater to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx.

A

filum terminale
Anchor conus medullaris and dural sac to the coccus

32
Q

Sac that covers the spinal cord with bony attachments at the foramen magnum, C1-C2 and at the level of S2 “dural sleeve”

A

Dura Mater of spinal cord

33
Q

what is the surrounding layer of the dura mater in the spinal cord called? What does it contain? (3)

A

Surrounding this layer is the epidural space which contains fat, CT and blood vessels

34
Q

Middle layer of avascular CT with collagen and elastic fibres

Deep to the ________ layer is the subarachnoid space containing CSF

A

arachnoid

35
Q

what is the end of spinal cord called? Where does this happen in adults vs in child?

A

conus medullaris
L1/2 in adults
L4 in children

36
Q

the remaing sinap nerves. Referred to as
“horses tail”

A

cauda equina

37
Q

The nervous system is developed from the embryonic neural tube. The caudal part of the neural tube forms the ________, whereas the cephalic part forms the __________

A

spinal cord, cerebral vesicles

38
Q

The lumen of the neural tube in the brain is larger and develops into____________

A

cerebral ventricles

39
Q

The cerebral ventricles house a specialized vascular plexus known as the________ _______

A

choroid plexus.

40
Q

This plexus is responsible for the secretion of the____________ __________that circulates in all cerebral ventricles, the central canal of the spinal cord, and subarachnoid space.

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

41
Q

There are four ventricles within the brain:

A

2 lateral, a third and a fourth

42
Q

The ________ ventricle is an irregular and narrow space within the diencephalon between the left and right thalami

A

third

43
Q

The third ventricle is connected to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral __________that passes through the midbrain

A

aqueduct

44
Q

This ventricle is a diamond-shaped space that is bounded by the pons and upper part of the medulla anteriorly and the cerebellum posteriorly

A

fourth ventricle

45
Q

The fourth ventricle is connected to the central canal of the spinal cord (inferiorly), to the third ventricle (superiorly), and through two lateral apertures(foramina of ______) and amedian aperture(foramen of ________) to the subarachnoid space.

A

Luschka and Magendi

46
Q

In each cerebral hemisphere, there is an amorphous space known as the _______ ventricle

A

lateral

47
Q

Each lateral ventricle is connected to the third ventricle through the________ foramen(of Monro).

A

interventricular

48
Q

CSF passes from the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricles through the ___________ foramen

A

interventricular foramen

49
Q

CSF passes from the 3rd ventricles to the 4th ventricles through the ___________

A

cerebral aqueduct

50
Q

CSF passes from the 4th ventricles to the subarachnoid space through the ________ and ________ apertures

A

median and lateral apertures

51
Q
A

MSK (30 decks)

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