Intro to Syndesmology, Arthrology and Muscles Flashcards
Joint type: Joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue - strong and sturdy
fibrous
Joint type: Joint held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) - more flexible
Cartilaginous
Joint type: Many structures involved in holding the joint together - held together by a thin space known as a synovial cavity
Synovial
The joint between a tooth and it’s socket (alveolus), with no movement, known as a synarthrodial joint
Fibrous joint: Gomphosis
Describe the components of a synovial joint
- membrane
- cavity
- fluid
- articular cartilage
- accessory ligaments
name two additional structures found at synovial joints
- Intra-articular discs: Fibrocartilaginous discs found at joints under high stress- ex. TMJ (jaw joint) and Sternoclavicular joint (upper limb to sternum)- provide extra protection for bones that experience high stress
- Menisci: Fibrocartilaginous disc found between the femur and tibia (The Knee)- helps protect against degradation
Describe a Planar Synovial Joint
- 2 relatively flat surfaces articulating together (i.e. Tarsal bones)
- Allows gliding and sliding motions
- Has 1 degree of freedom: (only moves in 1 plane therefore uni-axial movement) back and forth
- in the foot
Describe the hinge synovial joint
- similar to a door hinge
- Cylindrical surface fitting into a cylindrical groove (i.e. Elbow joint)
- Allows for 1 degree of freedom: Uni-axial movement
- flexion and extension
- Elbow
Describe Pivot Synovial Joint
- A projection fitting into a ring (the ring is usually formed by a ligament) (i.e. Articulation between proximal radius and ulna)
- Allows for 1 degree of freedom: Uni-axial movement - rotation
- found at the forearm
Describe Condyloid Synovial Joint
- An oval-shaped projection fitting into an elliptical hole (i.e. Wrist joint)
- Allows for 2 degrees of freedom: Bi-axial movement.
- Allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction- Also known as ellipsoid - the fancy name for egg- wrist joint
Describe Saddle Synovial Joint
- The opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. (i.e. 1st carpometacarpal joint)
- Allows for 2 degrees of freedom: Bi-axial movement.
- Allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction - joint as the base of the thumb
Describe ball and socket synovial joint
- A spherical surface fitting into a bowl-shaped socket (i.e. Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
- Allows for 3 degrees of freedom: Tri-axial movement. Allows for flexion/extension, adduction/abduction and rotation
- shoulder and hip
- most mobile joint in the body
blends in with the joint capsule, or a thickening of the joint capsule; enhances the strength of the capsule
capsular ligaments
separate from the joint capsule but stabilize the joint in close proximity to the capsule
extracapsular ligaments
are found within joint capsules, reinforce the connection between articulating surfaces (actually inside the joint cavity)
intracapsular ligaments
Joints provide sensory information to the brain about _______ via __________ receptors (awareness of the position of the joint in space)
proprioception, proprioceptive
Joints receive their blood supply from _________, located in the joint capsule
articular arteries
T or F: Joints also have a rich nerve supply, the nerve endings are found in the joint capsule
True!
is primarily attached to bones. It is voluntary. Provide movement of the body and movement at joints
skeletal muscle tissue
forms the wall of the heart. It is involuntary. The beating of the heart to pump blood
cardiac muscle tissue
is located in the walls of organs (viscera). It is involuntary. Ex. Movement of food through the GI system and secretion of fluids from glands
smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
is the point at which it attaches to a bone (usually) or another muscle. The structure that the _____ is attached to USUALLY is not moved by the contraction of the muscle. Usually at the proximal non-mobile attachment of the muscle
origin of a muscle