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msk > Intro to Syndesmology, Arthrology and Muscles > Flashcards

Intro to Syndesmology, Arthrology and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Joint type: Joint is held together by fibrous connective tissue - strong and sturdy

A

fibrous

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2
Q

Joint type: Joint held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) - more flexible

A

Cartilaginous

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3
Q

Joint type: Many structures involved in holding the joint together - held together by a thin space known as a synovial cavity

A

Synovial

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4
Q

The joint between a tooth and it’s socket (alveolus), with no movement, known as a synarthrodial joint

A

Fibrous joint: Gomphosis

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5
Q

Describe the components of a synovial joint

A
  1. membrane
  2. cavity
  3. fluid
  4. articular cartilage
  5. accessory ligaments
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6
Q

name two additional structures found at synovial joints

A
  1. Intra-articular discs: Fibrocartilaginous discs found at joints under high stress- ex. TMJ (jaw joint) and Sternoclavicular joint (upper limb to sternum)- provide extra protection for bones that experience high stress
  2. Menisci: Fibrocartilaginous disc found between the femur and tibia (The Knee)- helps protect against degradation
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7
Q

Describe a Planar Synovial Joint

A
  • 2 relatively flat surfaces articulating together (i.e. Tarsal bones)
  • Allows gliding and sliding motions
  • Has 1 degree of freedom: (only moves in 1 plane therefore uni-axial movement) back and forth
  • in the foot
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8
Q

Describe the hinge synovial joint

A
  • similar to a door hinge
  • Cylindrical surface fitting into a cylindrical groove (i.e. Elbow joint)
  • Allows for 1 degree of freedom: Uni-axial movement
  • flexion and extension
  • Elbow
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9
Q

Describe Pivot Synovial Joint

A
  • A projection fitting into a ring (the ring is usually formed by a ligament) (i.e. Articulation between proximal radius and ulna)
  • Allows for 1 degree of freedom: Uni-axial movement - rotation
  • found at the forearm
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10
Q

Describe Condyloid Synovial Joint

A
  • An oval-shaped projection fitting into an elliptical hole (i.e. Wrist joint)
  • Allows for 2 degrees of freedom: Bi-axial movement.
  • Allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction- Also known as ellipsoid - the fancy name for egg- wrist joint
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11
Q

Describe Saddle Synovial Joint

A
  • The opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave-convex. (i.e. 1st carpometacarpal joint)
  • Allows for 2 degrees of freedom: Bi-axial movement.
  • Allows for flexion/extension and adduction/abduction - joint as the base of the thumb
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12
Q

Describe ball and socket synovial joint

A
  • A spherical surface fitting into a bowl-shaped socket (i.e. Glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
  • Allows for 3 degrees of freedom: Tri-axial movement. Allows for flexion/extension, adduction/abduction and rotation
  • shoulder and hip
  • most mobile joint in the body
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13
Q

blends in with the joint capsule, or a thickening of the joint capsule; enhances the strength of the capsule

A

capsular ligaments

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14
Q

separate from the joint capsule but stabilize the joint in close proximity to the capsule

A

extracapsular ligaments

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15
Q

are found within joint capsules, reinforce the connection between articulating surfaces (actually inside the joint cavity)

A

intracapsular ligaments

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16
Q

Joints provide sensory information to the brain about _______ via __________ receptors (awareness of the position of the joint in space)

A

proprioception, proprioceptive

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17
Q

Joints receive their blood supply from _________, located in the joint capsule

A

articular arteries

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18
Q

T or F: Joints also have a rich nerve supply, the nerve endings are found in the joint capsule

A

True!

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19
Q

is primarily attached to bones. It is voluntary. Provide movement of the body and movement at joints

A

skeletal muscle tissue

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20
Q

forms the wall of the heart. It is involuntary. The beating of the heart to pump blood

A

cardiac muscle tissue

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21
Q

is located in the walls of organs (viscera). It is involuntary. Ex. Movement of food through the GI system and secretion of fluids from glands

A

smooth (visceral) muscle tissue

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22
Q

is the point at which it attaches to a bone (usually) or another muscle. The structure that the _____ is attached to USUALLY is not moved by the contraction of the muscle. Usually at the proximal non-mobile attachment of the muscle

A

origin of a muscle

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23
Q

is the point at which a muscle attaches to the skin, a bone, or another muscle. The insertion attaches to the structure that will be moved by contraction of the muscle - more distal (further down), more mobile where it creates movement

A

insertion of the muscle

24
Q

A ________ is a connective tissue structure that connects bone to bone

A

ligament
- classified based on their anatomical relationship to the joint capsule

25
Q

Ligaments participate in the _________ of joints and can limit certain movements within the joint

A

stabilization

26
Q

The mid-region in between the origin and insertion. What determines the direction of pull is the FIBRE DIRECTION of the _______. What you try to grow bigger

A

muscle belly

27
Q

the muscle contracts produces force, but no gross movement of the muscle occurs (stability)

A

isometric

28
Q

example of isometric action

A

posture - sit upright due to postural muscles doing isometric
contractions- clenching
- PLANK

29
Q

the muscle shortens while contracting, producing acceleration of body segments.

A

concentric

30
Q

example of concentric action

A

bicep curl

31
Q

The muscle lengthens while contracting. ________ decelerate body segments and provide shock absorption, such as when landing from a jump.

A

eccentric

32
Q

Principle muscle producing a joint motion or maintaining a posture. Always contracts actively to produce a concentric, isometric, or eccentric contraction

A

agonist (prime mover)

33
Q

Is the muscle that has the opposite anatomic action of the agonist. Usually is a muscle that neither assists nor resists but that passively elongates or shortens to permit the motion to occur

A

antagonist

34
Q

The muscle contracts at the same time as the agonist. The action may be identical or nearly identical to the agonists. helps the agonist do its job

A

synergist

35
Q

Muscles that are active isometrically to keep a limb from moving when the agonist muscle contracts. prevent access movement from happening

A

stabilizer, fixator, supporter

36
Q

is a cord of dense connective tissue that attaches a muscle to the bone, to the skin or to another muscle

A

a tendon

37
Q

Tube-like structure made by connective tissue wrap around tendons of the muscles at the wrist and ankle where many tendons come together in a confined space. Encase the tendon in synovial fluid to reduce friction as the tendon creates movement

A

tendon sheath

38
Q

loose connective tissue, under skin, protective coating or structure/layer over a broad anatomical region ex. Palm of hand, top of hand

A

fascia

39
Q

is loose connective tissue & fat underlying the skin. It is homologous to hypodermis in the skin. It contains the _______ veins and sensory nerves.

A

superficial fascia

40
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue under the superficial fascia that wraps the body. It is well-defined in limbs
- between muscular layers

A

deep fascia

41
Q

is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of dendrites or axons

A

nerve

42
Q

are nerves that receive sensory stimuli, such as how something feels and if it is painful

A

sensory nerves

43
Q

allow the brain to stimulate muscle contraction. A ______ is exclusively contains the axons of the neurons which innervate skeletal muscles or glands

A

motor nerves

44
Q

generally refers to the mixed sensory and motor spinal nerves, which come out of the _______. They innervate most of the skeletal muscles in our body

A

spinal nerve

45
Q

are nerves that emerge directly from the brain. They contain sensory and motor nerve fibers and innervates some of the head and neck muscles

A

cranial nerves

46
Q

Synarthrosis

A

little to no movement

47
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

some movement

48
Q

Diarthrosis

A

freely moveable

49
Q

Type of Fibrous joint: Suture

A

Found between the bones of the skull, no movements is produced, known as synarthrodial joint (i.e. between the bones of the cranium)

50
Q

Type of Fibrous Joint: Syndesmosis

A

2 bones are connected by a fibrous connective tissue, some movements will be found, known as amphiarthrodial joints (i.e. between the ulna and radius or fibula and tibia)

51
Q

Type of Fibrous Joint: Gomphosis

A

The joint between a tooth and it’s socket (alveolus), no movement, known as a synarthrodial joint.

52
Q

Type of Cartilaginous Joint: Synchondrosis

A

This is a Primary Cartilaginous Joint because the bones are connected by hyaline cartilage, is often a temporary joint (because with age will usually ossify, but not always) located in the metaphyseal area (i.e. epiphyseal growth plate)

53
Q

Type of Cartilaginous Joint: Symphysis

A

This is a Secondary Cartilaginous Joint because the bones are joined by fibrocartilage, strong slightly movable joints, known as amphiarthrodial joints (i.e. IVD between the vertebrae)

54
Q

How are skeletal muscles’ names

A

The most important characteristics include the direction in which the muscle fibers run, the size, shape, action, numbers of origins, and location of the muscle, and the sites of origin and insertion of the muscle

55
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Aponeuroses are flat sheets of connective tissue in your body that are similar to tendons

msk (30 decks)

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