Face & Scalp, Muscles of Mastication, TMJ, Neck Vasculature and Intro to Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What does SCALP include
Skin – physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens
Dense CT – hair follicles, vessels, nerves and lymph
Aponeurosis – aka the “ galea aponeurotica” continuous with muscle
Loose CT – mobility of the scalp
Pericranium – dense irregular CT, tightly adhered to cranium bone
epicranial aponeurosis org and ins.
Origin:
Galea aponeurotica layer of skull
Insertion:
Frontalis: skin over the eyebrows
Occipitalis: Superior nuchal line
a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids. The main function is to close the eyelids. This occurs when the muscle contracts.
Orbicularis Oculi
is a triangular-shaped muscle located in each upper eyelid. The primary function is elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid.
Levator palpebrae superioris
Function of muscles of nose:
Provide evidence of breathing behaviours
Relatively unimportant in humans
function of the muscles of the ears
In animals helps to direct the ears toward the sources of sounds
Elevators, retractors, and evertors of the upper lip
Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Risoris
move the upper lip
Levator labii superioris
What muscle is used to smile?
Zygomaticus major and minor
- corner of lip to zygomatic bone
What muscle is used to “fake smile”
Risoris - corned of the lip to the side
the sphincter around the mouth
orbicularis oris
What muscle closes the mouth and protudes lips
orbicularis oris
- helps to keep food in the mouth
what muscle compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in actions such as blowing or whistling?
buccinator ( L., trumpeter)
- also helps to keep food in the mouth and resists distension of the mouth
function of the buccinator
Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling; helps to keep food in the mouth, and resists distension of the mouth
radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, somewhat like the spokes of a wheel, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure collectively, in groups, or individually.
Several dilator muscles
Temporalis org and inst
ORG temporal fossa and fascia
INS coronoid process and anterior boarder of ramus of mandible
which nerve innervates the function of mastication
cranial nerve 5
which nerve innervates facial emotions
cranial nerve 7
innervation of temporalis
mandibular nerve (V3)
Temporalis Function
elevation and retraction of mandible
Masseter Function
elevation and protraction of mandible
Masseter Org and Ins
ORG zygomatic arch
INS lateral surface of ramus of the mandible
Which muscle of mastication has the function of retraction of the mandible?
The Temporalis
what type of joint is the temporo-mandibular joint?
combined hinge and planar type of synovial
what are the articular surfaces of the temporo-mandibular joint? (4)
- Disc
- Articular Tubercle
- Mandibular Fossa
- Mandibular Condyles
What is a TMJ-articular disc
Fibrocartilaginous disc that separates the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments each with its own synovial membrane
What does the TMJ-lateral ligament consist of?
two short bands on the lateral surface of the articular capsule
It extends inferiorly and posteriorly from inferior border and tubercle of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the lateral and posterior aspect of the neck of the mandible
what is the lateral ligament covered by?
by the parotid gland and strengthens
the TMJ laterally
helps prevent posterior dislocation of the
mandible
TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament
is the supporting, extrinsic ligament
where does the TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament extend from
It extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus
of the mandible
Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ
TMJ-stylomandibular ligament
where does the TMJ-stylomandibular ligament extend from?
It extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and
posterior borders of ramus of mandible
which ligament does not contribute significantly to the strength of the TMJ
TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament
which ligament prevents posterior dislocation of the mandible
TMJ-lateral ligament
which muscles are involved in elevation (close mouth)
temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
which muscles are involved in depression (open mouth)
lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
which muscles are involved in protrusion (protrude chin)
Lateral pteryhoid, massester and medial pterygoid
which muscles are involved in retrusion (retrude mouth)
Temporalis (posterior oblique and near horizontal fibers)
which muscles are involved in lateral movements (grinding and chewing)
temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side and massester
Name the 3 Branches of Cranial Nerve 5 (CN V)
V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
What are the 5 sections of CN VII?
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal Mandibular
- Cervical
The subclavian artery branches into two parts:
the pre-scalane and the post-scalene
The ascending aorta travels where?
to the heart
off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery. What does this supply?
head and neck
what does the brachiocephalic artery branch into?
RIGHT subclavian and RIGHT common carotid
The left and right ____________ supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood;
common carotid arteries
The common carotid divides (bifurcates) at the level of ______ cervical vertebrae to form the external and internal carotid arteries. What does the external supply? What does the internal supply?
C3 or C4
External supplies blood to the face and neck
Internal supplies brain, eyes
what does L subclavian artery supply?
upper limb
The pre-scalene part brakes into three:
- vertebral artery = brain supply
- internal thoracic arter = anterior thoracic wall and breast tissue
- thyrocervical trunk = larynx, trachea, esophagus thyroid
The post-scalene part:
- dorsal scapular artery
- changes name to axillary artery as it passes under clavicle - enteres the upper limb
The venous drainage of the head and neck begins from three main venous systems
- Intracranial: Cerebral veins (sinuses)
- Superficial veins
- Deep veins
what are the two main veins of the neck?
theinternalandexternal jugular veins
These veins (internal/external jugular) drain all of the blood from the head and neck and are somewhat comparable to the internal and external ______________.
carotid arteries
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? what do they serve?
31
Serve the upper limb, trunk and lower limb
how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? what do they serve?
12
Serve the head and neck
component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal
Autonomic nerves
Name the 12 Cranial Nerves. Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Had
Olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
facial nerve (CN VII)
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).
medial pterygoid ORI and INS
Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Ins: medial surface of the angle of mandible
Lateral pterygoid ORI and INS
Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Ins: articular disc and to the neck of the mandible
The superior and inferior compartments are ______ both structurally and functionally
separate
Articular surfaces of the TMJ include:
- Condylar process of mandible
- Articular tubercle of temporal bone
- Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Where does the TMJ-articular capsule attach?
to the margins of articular area on temporal bone and around the mandible and it is lined by synovial membrane
