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MSK > Face & Scalp, Muscles of Mastication, TMJ, Neck Vasculature and Intro to Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Face & Scalp, Muscles of Mastication, TMJ, Neck Vasculature and Intro to Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What does SCALP include

A

Skin – physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens
Dense CT – hair follicles, vessels, nerves and lymph
Aponeurosis – aka the “ galea aponeurotica” continuous with muscle
Loose CT – mobility of the scalp
Pericranium – dense irregular CT, tightly adhered to cranium bone

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2
Q

epicranial aponeurosis org and ins.

A

Origin:
Galea aponeurotica layer of skull

Insertion:
Frontalis: skin over the eyebrows
Occipitalis: Superior nuchal line

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3
Q

a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids. The main function is to close the eyelids. This occurs when the muscle contracts.

A

Orbicularis Oculi

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4
Q

is a triangular-shaped muscle located in each upper eyelid. The primary function is elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid.

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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5
Q

Function of muscles of nose:

A

Provide evidence of breathing behaviours
Relatively unimportant in humans

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6
Q

function of the muscles of the ears

A

In animals helps to direct the ears toward the sources of sounds

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7
Q

Elevators, retractors, and evertors of the upper lip

A

Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Risoris

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8
Q

move the upper lip

A

Levator labii superioris

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9
Q

What muscle is used to smile?

A

Zygomaticus major and minor
- corner of lip to zygomatic bone

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10
Q

What muscle is used to “fake smile”

A

Risoris - corned of the lip to the side

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11
Q

the sphincter around the mouth

A

orbicularis oris

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12
Q

What muscle closes the mouth and protudes lips

A

orbicularis oris
- helps to keep food in the mouth

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13
Q

what muscle compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in actions such as blowing or whistling?

A

buccinator ( L., trumpeter)
- also helps to keep food in the mouth and resists distension of the mouth

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14
Q

function of the buccinator

A

Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling; helps to keep food in the mouth, and resists distension of the mouth

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15
Q

radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, somewhat like the spokes of a wheel, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure collectively, in groups, or individually.

A

Several dilator muscles

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16
Q

Temporalis org and inst

A

ORG temporal fossa and fascia
INS coronoid process and anterior boarder of ramus of mandible

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17
Q

which nerve innervates the function of mastication

A

cranial nerve 5

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18
Q

which nerve innervates facial emotions

A

cranial nerve 7

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19
Q

innervation of temporalis

A

mandibular nerve (V3)

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20
Q

Temporalis Function

A

elevation and retraction of mandible

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21
Q

Masseter Function

A

elevation and protraction of mandible

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22
Q

Masseter Org and Ins

A

ORG zygomatic arch
INS lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

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23
Q

Which muscle of mastication has the function of retraction of the mandible?

A

The Temporalis

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24
Q

what type of joint is the temporo-mandibular joint?

A

combined hinge and planar type of synovial

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25
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the temporo-mandibular joint? (4)

A
  1. Disc
  2. Articular Tubercle
  3. Mandibular Fossa
  4. Mandibular Condyles
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26
Q

What is a TMJ-articular disc

A

Fibrocartilaginous disc that separates the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments each with its own synovial membrane

27
Q

What does the TMJ-lateral ligament consist of?

A

two short bands on the lateral surface of the articular capsule

28
Q

It extends inferiorly and posteriorly from inferior border and tubercle of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the lateral and posterior aspect of the neck of the mandible

A
29
Q

what is the lateral ligament covered by?

A

by the parotid gland and strengthens
the TMJ laterally

helps prevent posterior dislocation of the
mandible

30
Q

TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament

A

is the supporting, extrinsic ligament

31
Q

where does the TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament extend from

A

It extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus
of the mandible

32
Q

Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ

A

TMJ-stylomandibular ligament

33
Q

where does the TMJ-stylomandibular ligament extend from?

A

It extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and
posterior borders of ramus of mandible

34
Q

which ligament does not contribute significantly to the strength of the TMJ

A

TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament

35
Q

which ligament prevents posterior dislocation of the mandible

A

TMJ-lateral ligament

36
Q

which muscles are involved in elevation (close mouth)

A

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

37
Q

which muscles are involved in depression (open mouth)

A

lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

38
Q

which muscles are involved in protrusion (protrude chin)

A

Lateral pteryhoid, massester and medial pterygoid

39
Q

which muscles are involved in retrusion (retrude mouth)

A

Temporalis (posterior oblique and near horizontal fibers)

40
Q

which muscles are involved in lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

A

temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side and massester

41
Q

Name the 3 Branches of Cranial Nerve 5 (CN V)

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular

42
Q

What are the 5 sections of CN VII?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Zygomatic
  3. Buccal
  4. Marginal Mandibular
  5. Cervical
43
Q

The subclavian artery branches into two parts:

A

the pre-scalane and the post-scalene

44
Q

The ascending aorta travels where?

A

to the heart

45
Q

off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery. What does this supply?

A

head and neck

46
Q

what does the brachiocephalic artery branch into?

A

RIGHT subclavian and RIGHT common carotid

47
Q

The left and right ____________ supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood;

A

common carotid arteries

48
Q

The common carotid divides (bifurcates) at the level of ______ cervical vertebrae to form the external and internal carotid arteries. What does the external supply? What does the internal supply?

A

C3 or C4

External supplies blood to the face and neck

Internal supplies brain, eyes

49
Q

what does L subclavian artery supply?

A

upper limb

50
Q

The pre-scalene part brakes into three:

A
  1. vertebral artery = brain supply
  2. internal thoracic arter = anterior thoracic wall and breast tissue
  3. thyrocervical trunk = larynx, trachea, esophagus thyroid
51
Q

The post-scalene part:

A
  1. dorsal scapular artery
    - changes name to axillary artery as it passes under clavicle - enteres the upper limb
52
Q

The venous drainage of the head and neck begins from three main venous systems

A
  1. Intracranial: Cerebral veins (sinuses)
  2. Superficial veins
  3. Deep veins
53
Q

what are the two main veins of the neck?

A

theinternalandexternal jugular veins

54
Q

These veins (internal/external jugular) drain all of the blood from the head and neck and are somewhat comparable to the internal and external ______________.

A

carotid arteries

55
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? what do they serve?

A

31
Serve the upper limb, trunk and lower limb

56
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? what do they serve?

A

12
Serve the head and neck

57
Q

component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

A

Autonomic nerves

58
Q

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves. Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Had

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)
optic nerve (CN II)
oculomotor nerve (CN III)
trochlear nerve (CN IV)
trigeminal nerve (CN V)
abducens nerve (CN VI)
facial nerve (CN VII)
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
vagus nerve (CN X)
accessory nerve (CN XI)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

59
Q

medial pterygoid ORI and INS

A

Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Ins: medial surface of the angle of mandible

60
Q

Lateral pterygoid ORI and INS

A

Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Ins: articular disc and to the neck of the mandible

61
Q

The superior and inferior compartments are ______ both structurally and functionally

A

separate

62
Q

Articular surfaces of the TMJ include:

A
  1. Condylar process of mandible
  2. Articular tubercle of temporal bone
  3. Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
63
Q

Where does the TMJ-articular capsule attach?

A

to the margins of articular area on temporal bone and around the mandible and it is lined by synovial membrane

64
Q
A

MSK (30 decks)

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