Face & Scalp, Muscles of Mastication, TMJ, Neck Vasculature and Intro to Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What does SCALP include

Answer 1

Skin – physical barrier from trauma and potential pathogens
Dense CT – hair follicles, vessels, nerves and lymph
Aponeurosis – aka the “ galea aponeurotica” continuous with muscle
Loose CT – mobility of the scalp
Pericranium – dense irregular CT, tightly adhered to cranium bone

Question 2

epicranial aponeurosis org and ins.

Answer 2

Origin:
Galea aponeurotica layer of skull

Insertion:
Frontalis: skin over the eyebrows
Occipitalis: Superior nuchal line

Question 3

a sphincter muscle arranged in concentric bands around the upper and lower eyelids. The main function is to close the eyelids. This occurs when the muscle contracts.

Answer 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Question 4

is a triangular-shaped muscle located in each upper eyelid. The primary function is elevation and retraction of the upper eyelid.

Answer 4

Levator palpebrae superioris

Question 5

Function of muscles of nose:

Answer 5

Provide evidence of breathing behaviours
Relatively unimportant in humans

Question 6

function of the muscles of the ears

Answer 6

In animals helps to direct the ears toward the sources of sounds

Question 7

Elevators, retractors, and evertors of the upper lip

Answer 7

Levator labii superioris
Zygomaticus major and minor
Risoris

Question 8

move the upper lip

Answer 8

Levator labii superioris

Question 9

What muscle is used to smile?

Answer 9

Zygomaticus major and minor
- corner of lip to zygomatic bone

Question 10

What muscle is used to “fake smile”

Answer 10

Risoris - corned of the lip to the side

Question 11

the sphincter around the mouth

Answer 11

orbicularis oris

Question 12

What muscle closes the mouth and protudes lips

Answer 12

orbicularis oris
- helps to keep food in the mouth

Question 13

what muscle compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in actions such as blowing or whistling?

Answer 13

buccinator ( L., trumpeter)
- also helps to keep food in the mouth and resists distension of the mouth

Question 14

function of the buccinator

Answer 14

Presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling; helps to keep food in the mouth, and resists distension of the mouth

Question 15

radiate from the lips and angles of the mouth, somewhat like the spokes of a wheel, retracting the various borders of the oral fissure collectively, in groups, or individually.

Answer 15

Several dilator muscles

Question 16

Temporalis org and inst

Answer 16

ORG temporal fossa and fascia
INS coronoid process and anterior boarder of ramus of mandible

Question 17

which nerve innervates the function of mastication

Answer 17

cranial nerve 5

Question 18

which nerve innervates facial emotions

Answer 18

cranial nerve 7

Question 19

innervation of temporalis

Answer 19

mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 20

Temporalis Function

Answer 20

elevation and retraction of mandible

Question 21

Masseter Function

Answer 21

elevation and protraction of mandible

Question 22

Masseter Org and Ins

Answer 22

ORG zygomatic arch
INS lateral surface of ramus of the mandible

Question 23

Which muscle of mastication has the function of retraction of the mandible?

Answer 23

The Temporalis

Question 24

what type of joint is the temporo-mandibular joint?

Answer 24

combined hinge and planar type of synovial

Question 25

what are the articular surfaces of the temporo-mandibular joint? (4)

Answer 25

1. Disc 2. Articular Tubercle 3. Mandibular Fossa 4. Mandibular Condyles

Question 26

What is a TMJ-articular disc

Answer 26

Fibrocartilaginous disc that separates the joint cavity into superior and inferior compartments each with its own synovial membrane

Question 27

What does the TMJ-lateral ligament consist of?

Answer 27

two short bands on the lateral surface of the articular capsule

Question 28

It extends inferiorly and posteriorly from inferior border and tubercle of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to the lateral and posterior aspect of the neck of the mandible

Question 29

what is the lateral ligament covered by?

Answer 29

by the parotid gland and strengthens the TMJ laterally helps prevent posterior dislocation of the mandible

Question 30

TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament

Answer 30

is the supporting, extrinsic ligament

Question 31

where does the TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament extend from

Answer 31

It extends from the spine of the sphenoid to the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible

Question 32

Which ligament separates the parotid gland from the submandibular gland and limits movement of the mandible at the TMJ

Answer 32

TMJ-stylomandibular ligament

Question 33

where does the TMJ-stylomandibular ligament extend from?

Answer 33

It extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the inferior and posterior borders of ramus of mandible

Question 34

which ligament does not contribute significantly to the strength of the TMJ

Answer 34

TMJ-Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 35

which ligament prevents posterior dislocation of the mandible

Answer 35

TMJ-lateral ligament

Question 36

which muscles are involved in elevation (close mouth)

Answer 36

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

Question 37

which muscles are involved in depression (open mouth)

Answer 37

lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Question 38

which muscles are involved in protrusion (protrude chin)

Answer 38

Lateral pteryhoid, massester and medial pterygoid

Question 39

which muscles are involved in retrusion (retrude mouth)

Answer 39

Temporalis (posterior oblique and near horizontal fibers)

Question 40

which muscles are involved in lateral movements (grinding and chewing)

Answer 40

temporalis of same side, pterygoids of opposite side and massester

Question 41

Name the 3 Branches of Cranial Nerve 5 (CN V)

Answer 41

V1 - ophthalmic V2 - Maxillary V3 - Mandibular

Question 42

What are the 5 sections of CN VII?

Answer 42

1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Marginal Mandibular 5. Cervical

Question 43

The subclavian artery branches into two parts:

Answer 43

the pre-scalane and the post-scalene

Question 44

The ascending aorta travels where?

Answer 44

to the heart

Question 45

off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery. What does this supply?

Answer 45

head and neck

Question 46

what does the brachiocephalic artery branch into?

Answer 46

RIGHT subclavian and RIGHT common carotid

Question 47

The left and right ____________ supply the head and neck with oxygenated blood;

Answer 47

common carotid arteries

Question 48

The common carotid divides (bifurcates) at the level of ______ cervical vertebrae to form the external and internal carotid arteries. What does the external supply? What does the internal supply?

Answer 48

C3 or C4 External supplies blood to the face and neck Internal supplies brain, eyes

Question 49

what does L subclavian artery supply?

Answer 49

upper limb

Question 50

The pre-scalene part brakes into three:

Answer 50

1. vertebral artery = brain supply 2. internal thoracic arter = anterior thoracic wall and breast tissue 3. thyrocervical trunk = larynx, trachea, esophagus thyroid

Question 51

The post-scalene part:

Answer 51

1. dorsal scapular artery - changes name to axillary artery as it passes under clavicle - enteres the upper limb

Question 52

The venous drainage of the head and neck begins from three main venous systems

Answer 52

1. Intracranial: Cerebral veins (sinuses) 2. Superficial veins 3. Deep veins

Question 53

what are the two main veins of the neck?

Answer 53

the internal and external jugular veins

Question 54

These veins (internal/external jugular) drain all of the blood from the head and neck and are somewhat comparable to the internal and external ______________.

Answer 54

carotid arteries

Question 55

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? what do they serve?

Answer 55

31 Serve the upper limb, trunk and lower limb

Question 56

how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? what do they serve?

Answer 56

12 Serve the head and neck

Question 57

component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal

Answer 57

Autonomic nerves

Question 58

Name the 12 Cranial Nerves. Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Had

Answer 58

Olfactory nerve (CN I) optic nerve (CN II) oculomotor nerve (CN III) trochlear nerve (CN IV) trigeminal nerve (CN V) abducens nerve (CN VI) facial nerve (CN VII) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) vagus nerve (CN X) accessory nerve (CN XI) hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

Question 59

medial pterygoid ORI and INS

Answer 59

Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone Ins: medial surface of the angle of mandible

Question 60

Lateral pterygoid ORI and INS

Answer 60

Ori: pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone Ins: articular disc and to the neck of the mandible

Question 61

The superior and inferior compartments are ______ both structurally and functionally

Answer 61

separate

Question 62

Articular surfaces of the TMJ include:

Answer 62

1. Condylar process of mandible 2. Articular tubercle of temporal bone 3. Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Question 63

Where does the TMJ-articular capsule attach?

Answer 63

to the margins of articular area on temporal bone and around the mandible and it is lined by synovial membrane