Lecture 12 - Anterior & Medial Thigh Muscles

Question 1

Psoas Major
function and innervation

Answer 1

Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
Lat. Flex. of trunk@ the spinal joints.
Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip (angle pelvis closer to the thigh - pregnancy)

Nerve Innervation: Lumbar plexus (L1, L2, 3)

Question 2

Iliacus
function and innervation

Answer 2

Function:
1. Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
3. Anterior tilt of pelvis @ the hip

Notice: it has nothing to do with the trunk (lliacus wouldnt cause lower back pain - psoas would)

Nerve Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Question 3

shortening of which muscle has a role of lumber HYPER lordosis?

Answer 3

shortening of psoas major can cause hyper lordosis (due to anterior pelvic tilt)

Question 4

muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh. What are they all innervated by?

Answer 4

1. satorius
2. rectus femoris
3. vastus lateralis
4. vastus medialis
5. vastus intermedius
6. Articularis genus (small muscle)

all innervated by femoral nerve

Question 5

Sartorius
function and innervation

Answer 5

Function: (FALF & med rotation)
1. Flex of thigh (hip J.)
2. Abd. of thigh (hip J.)
3. Lat. Rot. of thigh (hip J.)
4. Flex of leg @ knee J. - EXCEPTION - as the muscle passes medially, it passes behind the knee joint
5. Med. Rot. of leg @ knee J.

N: femoral

Question 6

Rectus femoris
function and innervation

Answer 6

first quad muscle - only muscle that acts on the hip joint

Function:
1. Ext. of leg (knee J.)
2. Flex. of thigh (hip J.)

Nerve: Femoral

Question 7

Vastus lateralis
function and innervation

Answer 7

Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)

Nerve: Femoral

Question 8

Vastus medialis
function and innervation

Answer 8

tear drop shape, weakest muscle of the Quads

function
1. extension of the leg (knee j.)

Nerve: Femoral

Question 9

which two muscles work together to keep the patella straight?

Answer 9

vastus lateral and vastus medalis

• if one muscle becomes weaker than the other, the patella will be pulled towards the stronger muscle and no longer be balanced

how do you strengthen the medialis? resistance band and abduction of the leg

Question 10

Vastus intermedius
function and innervation

Answer 10

lies directly beneath the rectus femoris but does NOT cross hip

Function:
Ext. of leg (knee J.)

Nerve: Femoral

Question 11

Articularis genus
function and innervation

what does weakness of this muscle cause?

Answer 11

small muscle!

fun: It elevates the capsule and the synovial membrane of the knee joint and prevents them from being pinched during the extension of the leg.

Weakness of the muscle = bursitis in the knee

N: Femoral

Question 12

muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 12

1. Pectineus
2. Adductor longus
3. Adductor Brevis
4. Adductor magnus
5. Gracilis

Question 13

Pectineus
function and innervation

Answer 13

only muscle in the medial compartment innervated by femoral nerve

fun:
1. Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Flex. of thigh(hip J.)

Question 14

Adductor longus
function and innervation

Answer 14

Function:
1. Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3. Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)

N: Obturator

Question 15

Adductor Brevis
function and innervation

Answer 15

Function:
1. Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Flex. of thigh (hip J.)
3. Lat. Rot of thigh (hip J.)

N: Obturator

Question 16

Adductor magnus
function and innervation

Answer 16

biggest of the 3!
Kinda wants to be an adductor, also wants to be a hamstring

FUN:
1. Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Flex. of thigh (hip J.) (the Ant. or pubic attachment)
3. Ext. of thigh (hip J.) (the Post. or Hamstring or ischial attachment)
4. Lat. Rot of thigh @ hip J.

N: Anterior head (Pubic) by obturator N.

post. Head (Hamstring or Ischial) by tibial N.

Question 17

what is the Adductor Hiatus?

Answer 17

It serves as a passageway for structures between the anterior thigh and the popliteal region.

The femoral artery and vein passes through the hiatus of the adductor magnus muscle

Overuse causes compression of the femoral artery and vein = loss of blood supply below the knee

Question 18

Gracilis
function and innervation

Answer 18

Gracilis - weakest muscle, thin and delicate (can be used for grafting purposes)

Function: (4) (2 Movements on hip J. and 2 on knee J.)

1. Add. of thigh (hip J.)
2. Flex. of thigh (hip J.) - WEAKEST
3. Flex. of leg (knee J.) - shared insertion with sartorius
4. Med. Rot. of leg (knee J.) - shared insertion with sartorius

N: Obturator

Question 19

what is the pes anserinus?

Answer 19

the “knee tendon”
Conjoined insertion of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

SAY GRACE BEFORE TEA

attach to the upper medial side of the tibia in a three-pronged pattern

If any one of these muscles is angry - all three will be affected
- all three muscles are in a different compartment

Question 20

What is knee tendon bursitis usually caused by?

Answer 20

one of the three muscles (sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus) that attach at the pes anserinus becoming angry (overused)

Question 21

describe the borders of the Femoral Triangle

Answer 21

Borders = “SAIL”
Sartorius
Adductors
Inguinal Ligament

Question 22

describe the contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 22

Contents = “NAVEL”
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty Space
Lymph

Question 23

what covers the femoral triangle?

Answer 23

subcutaneous fat and skin

Question 24

where is dye injected or a catheter usually placed?

Answer 24

the femoral Triangle

Question 25

in patients with cerebral palsy, are the adductor muscles spastic?

Answer 25

yes. This causes scissors gait
- need tenotomy

Question 26

what adductor muscle can be used for a graft or surgical reconstruction of other muscles?

Answer 26

Gracilis

Question 27

which adductor muscle is known as the 4th hamstring?

Answer 27

Adductor Magnus

Question 28

what is a inverted cone-shaped fascial space medial to the femoral vein within the upper femoral triangle

Answer 28

the femoral canal

Question 29

how long is the femoral canal

Answer 29

1-2 cm long and opens superiorly as the femoral ring.

Question 30

Does the femoral canal mainly serve as?

Answer 30

It mainly serves to allow the femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from the lower limb