Neuro 5

Question 1

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 1

balance and coordination

Question 2

Spinocerebellum

Answer 2

adjusts movements as they are occuring

• corrective feedback to fine-tune motor skills

Lesion = gait is affected because loss of motor coordination

Question 3

cerebrocerebellum

Answer 3

• planning movements
• rapid alternating movements
• fine dexterity (quickness)
• initiation, termination, coordination and timing of movements
• motor learning

Question 4

“wrong distance” can’t judge distance- movements “overshoot”, and then overcompensate

• patient can’t touch finger to nose, heel to shin - leads to intention tremor

Answer 4

dysmetria

Question 5

the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements

Answer 5

dysdiadochokinesia

Question 6

an inability to combine the various components of a movement to create fluid motion.

Answer 6

asynergia

Question 7

“without order” (motor coordination is lost)

Answer 7

ataxia

Question 8

ataxia of laryngeal muscles. jerky articulation, separation of syllables, changing sound intensities

Answer 8

Dysarythria

Question 9

ataxia of ocular muscles. tremor of eyeballs that usually occurs when the patient attempts to fix eyes on an object off to the side.

Answer 9

Cerebellar Nystagmus

Question 10

inability to maintain an upright position (affects gait).
Unstable, wide gait with irregular steps and lateral bending

Answer 10

truncal ataxia

Question 11

low muscle tone

Answer 11

hypotonia

Question 12

Lack of co-ordination between muscles or other body parts which usually work together. (postural abnormalities)

Answer 12

Asynergia

Question 13

what is anterior fossa? What CN?

Answer 13

frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid. Only CN I

Question 14

What is the middle fossa? Which CN?

Answer 14

sphenoid and temporal
C II to VI

Question 15

what is in the posterior fossa?

Answer 15

temporal and occipital
CN VII-XII

Question 16

All cranial nerves innervate the ipsilateral side expect one. Which?

Answer 16

CN II

Question 17

All cranial nerves originate within the brainstem and their nerves exit off the brainstem. Except which two?

Answer 17

CN I and II

Question 18

motor fibers to skeletal musculature (VOLUNTARY)

Answer 18

GSE (general somatic efferent)

Question 19

fibers that carry general sensation (touch, pressure, pain, proprioception , temperature changes, tickle and vibration)

Answer 19

GSA (general somatic afferent)

Question 20

motor fibers to smooth muscle, glands, and viscera (INVOLUNTARY)

Answer 20

GVE (general visceral efferent)

Question 21

fibers that carry visceral sensation (stretch of organ wall, pain, chemical changes, temperature change)

Answer 21

GVA: General visceral afferent

Question 22

What is SVE?

Answer 22

Branchial Efferent/Special Visceral Efferent

motor fibers to skeletal, voluntary muscles that developed from branchial (pharyngeal) arches

Question 23

SVA: Special Visceral Afferent for

Answer 23

taste and smell

Question 24

SSA: Special somatic afferent for:

Answer 24

vision, hearing and balance

Question 25

Exception for C.N. IV

Answer 25

The trochlear nucleus sends innervation to the contralateral superior oblique muscle rather than the ipsilateral muscle

Question 26

Exception for C.N. VII

Answer 26

The lower part of the facial motor nucleus that innervates the lower face muscles receives ONLY contralateral innervation from the cortex rather than bilateral

Question 27

Exception for C.N. XII

Answer 27

Those neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus that innervate the genioglossus muscle receive contralateral innervation from the cortex rather than bilateral

Question 28

Ptosis

Answer 28

droopy upper eyelid

Question 29

Mydriasis

Answer 29

permanent dilation of pupil

Question 30

strabismus

Answer 30

lazy eye - eye position is down and out - due unopposed action of superior oblique and abducens muscle

Question 31

Diplopia

Answer 31

double vision

Question 32

LR6 SO4 AO3

Question 33

Parasympathetic GVE fibers reside ONLY in:

Answer 33

CN III: Oculomotor CN VII: Facial CN IX: Glossopharyngeal CN X: Vagus

Question 34

CN III associated ganglion

Answer 34

ciliary ganglion

Question 35

CN VII associated ganglion

Answer 35

Pterygopalatine & Submandibular Ganglion

Question 36

CN IX associated ganglion

Answer 36

Otic Ganglion

Question 37

CN X associated ganglion

Answer 37

Various ganglia near visceral organs

Question 38

Branchial Motor (BE/SVE) fibers reside ONLY in nerves associated with pharyngeal (branchial) arches:

Answer 38

V3 of V VII - facial nerve IX X superior laryngeal nerve X recurrently laryngeal nerve

Question 39

Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 39

pain, temperature and light touch

Question 40

The chief or principal nucleus or main sensory nucleus of trigeminal

Answer 40

discriminative sensation and light touch as well as conscious proprioception

Question 41

The mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal

Answer 41

proprioception

Question 42

sensation of pain elicited without the presence of noxious stimuli Often develops without any cause

Answer 42

Neuralgia

Question 43

what does Neuralgia mainly affect?

Answer 43

V2 and V3 - seen in men and women over 50 Aggravated by: - exposure to cold - chewing - brushing - talking - touching face

Question 44

what carries GVE and SVA in facial nerve

Answer 44

chorda tympani

Question 45

what carries GVE in facial nerve

Answer 45

Greater petrosal

Question 46

Corneal Reflex = protects eyes from foreign bodies Sensory arc: CN __ Motor arc: CN __

Answer 46

Sensory arc: CN V1 (touch to the surface of the cornea) Motor arc: CN VII (orbicularis oculi) Desired response = bilateral

Question 47

The gag reflex = helps prevent choking Sensory arc: Motor arc:

Answer 47

Sensory arc: CN IX (touch to base of throat) Motor arc: CN X (motor response of pharynx)