Neuro 5 Flashcards
Vestibulocerebellum
balance and coordination
Spinocerebellum
adjusts movements as they are occuring
- corrective feedback to fine-tune motor skills
Lesion = gait is affected because loss of motor coordination
cerebrocerebellum
- planning movements
- rapid alternating movements
- fine dexterity (quickness)
- initiation, termination, coordination and timing of movements
- motor learning
“wrong distance” can’t judge distance- movements “overshoot”, and then overcompensate
- patient can’t touch finger to nose, heel to shin - leads to intention tremor
dysmetria
the inability to perform rapid alternating muscle movements
dysdiadochokinesia
an inability to combine the various components of a movement to create fluid motion.
asynergia
“without order” (motor coordination is lost)
ataxia
ataxia of laryngeal muscles. jerky articulation, separation of syllables, changing sound intensities
Dysarythria
ataxia of ocular muscles. tremor of eyeballs that usually occurs when the patient attempts to fix eyes on an object off to the side.
Cerebellar Nystagmus
inability to maintain an upright position (affects gait).
Unstable, wide gait with irregular steps and lateral bending
truncal ataxia
low muscle tone
hypotonia
Lack of co-ordination between muscles or other body parts which usually work together. (postural abnormalities)
Asynergia
what is anterior fossa? What CN?
frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid. Only CN I
What is the middle fossa? Which CN?
sphenoid and temporal
C II to VI
what is in the posterior fossa?
temporal and occipital
CN VII-XII
All cranial nerves innervate the ipsilateral side expect one. Which?
CN II
All cranial nerves originate within the brainstem and their nerves exit off the brainstem. Except which two?
CN I and II
motor fibers to skeletal musculature (VOLUNTARY)
GSE (general somatic efferent)
fibers that carry general sensation (touch, pressure, pain, proprioception , temperature changes, tickle and vibration)
GSA (general somatic afferent)
motor fibers to smooth muscle, glands, and viscera (INVOLUNTARY)
GVE (general visceral efferent)
fibers that carry visceral sensation (stretch of organ wall, pain, chemical changes, temperature change)
GVA: General visceral afferent
What is SVE?
Branchial Efferent/Special Visceral Efferent
motor fibers to skeletal, voluntary muscles that developed from branchial (pharyngeal) arches
SVA: Special Visceral Afferent for
taste and smell
SSA: Special somatic afferent for:
vision, hearing and balance
Exception for C.N. IV
The trochlear nucleus sends innervation to the contralateral superior oblique muscle rather than the ipsilateral muscle
Exception for C.N. VII
The lower part of the facial motor nucleus that innervates the lower face muscles receives ONLY contralateral innervation from the cortex rather than bilateral
Exception for C.N. XII
Those neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus that innervate the genioglossus muscle receive contralateral innervation from the cortex rather than bilateral
Ptosis
droopy upper eyelid
Mydriasis
permanent dilation of pupil
strabismus
lazy eye
- eye position is down and out
- due unopposed action of superior oblique and abducens muscle
Diplopia
double vision
LR6 SO4 AO3
Parasympathetic GVE fibers reside ONLY in:
CN III: Oculomotor
CN VII: Facial
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
CN X: Vagus
CN III associated ganglion
ciliary ganglion
CN VII associated ganglion
Pterygopalatine & Submandibular Ganglion
CN IX associated ganglion
Otic Ganglion
CN X associated ganglion
Various ganglia near visceral organs
Branchial Motor (BE/SVE) fibers reside ONLY in nerves associated with pharyngeal (branchial) arches:
V3 of V
VII - facial nerve
IX
X superior laryngeal nerve
X recurrently laryngeal nerve
Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
pain, temperature and light touch
The chief or principal nucleus or main sensory nucleus of trigeminal
discriminative sensation and light touch as well as conscious proprioception
The mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal
proprioception
sensation of pain elicited without the presence of noxious stimuli
Often develops without any cause
Neuralgia
what does Neuralgia mainly affect?
V2 and V3
- seen in men and women over 50
Aggravated by:
- exposure to cold
- chewing
- brushing
- talking
- touching face
what carries GVE and SVA in facial nerve
chorda tympani
what carries GVE in facial nerve
Greater petrosal
Corneal Reflex = protects eyes from foreign bodies
Sensory arc: CN __
Motor arc: CN __
Sensory arc: CN V1 (touch to the surface of the cornea)
Motor arc: CN VII (orbicularis oculi)
Desired response = bilateral
The gag reflex = helps prevent choking
Sensory arc:
Motor arc:
Sensory arc: CN IX (touch to base of throat)
Motor arc: CN X (motor response of pharynx)
