Muscles of the abdominal wall

Question 1

what is the ori and ins of Obliquus externus abdominis

Answer 1

Ori: external surface of lower 8 ribs
Ins: Linea alba (midline of the rectus sheath)
Pubic tubercle
Anterior half of iliac crest

Question 2

function of obliquus externus abdominis

Answer 2

contralateral rotation, flexion of the trunk, compresses the abdominal contents

Question 3

innervation of obliquus externus abdominis

Answer 3

Intercostal nerves (T7 to T12)

Question 4

what is the ori and ins of Obliquus internus abdominis

Answer 4

Ori: lateral 1/3 of Inguinal ligament
- Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest,
- Thoracolumbar fascia

Ins: Linea alba
Lower 3 ribs

Question 5

function of obliquus internus abdominis

Answer 5

ipsilateral rotation, flexion of the trunk, compression of abdominal contents

Question 6

innervation of obliquus internus abdominis

Answer 6

Intercostal nerves (T6 to T12) & L1

Question 7

which muscle is the largest and most superficial of the three flat muscles in the anterior abdomen

Answer 7

Obliquus externus abdominis

Question 8

which muscle is irregularly quadrilateral form and situated at the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen

Answer 8

Obliquus internus abdominis

Question 9

which muscle is the most internal of the flat muscles of the abdomen

Answer 9

transverses abdominis muscle

Question 10

Transversus abdominis muscle Ori and Ins

Answer 10

Ori:
Inguinal ligament
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia
Cartilages of the lower 6 ribs

Ins:
Linea alba

Question 11

Transversus abdominis muscle function

Answer 11

compresses the abdominal contents (think corset)

Question 12

innervation of Transversus abdominis

Answer 12

Intercostal nerves (T6 to T12) & L1

Question 13

which muscle is long flat and extends the whole length of the front of the abdomen

Answer 13

Rectus abdominis

Question 14

the Rectus abdominis is seperated from its fellow of the opposite side by what?

Answer 14

linea alba

Question 15

the Rectus abdominis is cross by fibrous brands, three in number, which are named the ?

Answer 15

tendinous intersections

Question 16

Ori and Ins of Rectus abdominis

Answer 16

Ori: pubic crest, and symphysis pubis.

Ins:
Xiphoid process
Cartilages of ribs 5,6,7

Question 17

the function of Rectus abdominis

Answer 17

flexion of the trunk @ the spinal joints, posterior tilt of pelvis, compresses the abdominal contents

Question 18

innervation of Rectus abdominis

Answer 18

Nerve: Intercostal nerves (T6 – T 12)

Question 19

what is the fatty layer of the abdominal wall?

Answer 19

Campers Fascia

Question 20

The Campers Fascia is a superficial layer of

Answer 20

adipose and areolar connective tissue

Question 21

where is the Campers Fascia more prominent

Answer 21

in the lower aspect of the abdomen (below the umbilicus)

Question 22

What is the deep membranous layer of the abdominal wall?

Answer 22

Scarpa’s Fascia

Question 23

the Scarpa’s Fascia is anchored laterally to the __________ of the external oblique and medially to the ______ of the rectus sheath

Answer 23

aponeurosis, linea alba

Question 24

what is the protective covering (deepest layer) of the rectus abdominus

Answer 24

the rectus sheath

Question 25

what is the rectus sheath compose of

Answer 25

Composed of the aponeurosis of the three flat muscles as they converge in the midline to form the median linea alba

Question 26

where does the composition of the rectus sheath change?

Answer 26

inferior to the umbilicus - The composition and arrangement of muscle layers differs depending on location with respect to an area known as the Arcuate line

Question 27

why is it harder to build strength in the lower abdomen

Answer 27

the composition of the rectus sheath changes

Question 28

what is the line located 1/2 of the distance between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis called?

Answer 28

Arcuate line

Question 29

Inferior to the arcuate line the aponeuroses of all 3 lateral abdominal muscles pass ______ to the rectus abdominis muscle

Answer 29

anterior

Question 30

At this level, the internal aspect of rectus abdominis muscle is in direct contact with the transversalis facia A thin layer of CT located between the posterior surface of the TA muscle a the extraperitoneal fat of the parietal peritoneum

Question 31

name the layers of the abdominal wall (7)

Answer 31

1. skin 2. camper's fascia 3. scarpa's fascia 4. rectus sheath - Anterior lamina - Posterior lamina 5. transversalis 6, extraperitoneal fat 7. parietal peritoneum

Question 32

describe the anterior and posterior lamina of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

Answer 32

Anterior lamina (sheet) – full aponeurosis of external oblique and ANTERIOR 1/2 of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique Posterior lamina (sheet) – POSTERIOR 1/2 of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and full aponeurosis of transversus abdominis

Question 33

describe the anterior and posterior lamina of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

Answer 33

Anterior lamina (sheet) – aponeuroses of all 3 abdominal muscles - external oblique - interal oblique - transversalis facia Posterior lamina (sheet) – no layer! Transversalis facia now directly meets the posterior aspect of rectus abdominis mm.

Question 34

name the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall (9)

Answer 34

1. Skin/Superficial fascia 2. Camper’s fascia – fatty layer 3. Scarpa’s fascia – membranous layer 4. External oblique m. 5. Internal oblique m. 6. Transversus abdominis m. 7. Transversalis fascia 8. Extraperitoneal fat 9. Parietal layer of peritoneum

Question 35

Quadratus lumborum Ori and Ins

Answer 35

Ori: - Iliac crest - Iliolumbar ligament Ins: - Rib 12 - TPs of L1 – L4

Question 36

Quadratus lumborum function

Answer 36

Extends the trunk, lateral flexion of the trunk, fixes Rib 12 during inspiration

Question 37

which muscle is a powerful stabilizer of the lumbar spine

Answer 37

Quadratus lumborum

Question 38

innervation of Quadratus lumborum

Answer 38

Ventral rami of spinal nerves T12, L1, 2, 3, 4

Question 39

Psoas Major Ori and Ins

Answer 39

Ori: Bodies and TPs of L1 – L5 Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur

Question 40

function of Psoas Major (4)

Answer 40

flexion of the thigh (more to stabilize the lumbar), lateral rotation of the thigh, flexion of the trunk (bilateral action), lateral flexion of the trunk

Question 41

innervation of Psoas Major

Answer 41

Nerve: Nerve: Lumbar plexus (L1, L2, 3)

Question 42

Iliacus Ori and Ins

Answer 42

Ori: Iliac fossa Sacral ala Ins: Lesser trochanter of femur   

Question 43

function of iliacus (2)

Answer 43

Function (2): Flexion of the thigh, lateral rotation of the thigh

Question 44

which two muscles are often considered to be the iliopsoas M.

Answer 44

psoas major and the iliacus muscles because of their common distal attachment onto the lesser trochanter of femur. - not reasonable to refer to these two as one unit -> you can injure one and not the other Psoas typically causes the problem

Question 45

innervation of Iliacus

Answer 45

Nerve: Femoral N.

Question 46

It is an oblique canal about 4 cm. long, directing downward and medial ward, and placed parallel with and a little above the medial half of the inguinal ligament. It extends from the deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring.

Answer 46

The Inguinal Canal:

Question 47

what does the The Inguinal Canal contain in men

Answer 47

It contains the spermatic cord (containing ductus (vas) deferens, testicular vessels, autonomic nerves and lymphatic) and the ilioinguinal nerve

Question 48

what does the inguinal canal contain in females?

Answer 48

the round ligament of the uterus and the ilioinguinal nerve in females.

Question 49

A triangular gap in the external oblique aponeurosis

Answer 49

Superficial inguinal ring

Question 50

an oval shape opening in the fascia transversalis; situated half an inch above the midinguinal point (and immediately lateral to the stem of the inferior epigastric vessels)

Answer 50

- Deep inguinal ring

Question 51

is formed by the fusion of the lowest aponeurotic fibers of the internal oblique and of the transversus abdominis muscles

Answer 51

Conjoint tendon

Question 52

the conjoint tendon lies behind __ ?

Answer 52

It lies behind the superficial inguinal ring and strengthens the abdominal wall at this point.