~~~ psychosocial QUIZ Flashcards
according to the two dimensional approach, those who have high anxiety and high avoidance would be classed as having what attachment pattern
A) secure
B) preoccupied ambivalent
C) dismissing avoidant
D) fearful avoidant
D) fearful avoidant
if one were to use the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) what can be inferred from the information that is gathered?
A) what people recall about their childhood experiences
B) whether the person has arrived at a coherent narrative regarding the childhood experiences
C) whether they have greater versus lesser attachment ambivalence
D) whether they have a positive-versus-negative model of the self
B) whether the person has arrived at a coherent narrative regarding the childhood experiences
what attachment pattern is marked by introversion
A) secure
B) anxious
C) ambivalent
D) avoidant
D) avoidant
what attachment pattern is marked by neuroticism
A) secure
B) anxious
C) ambivalent
D) avoidant
C) ambivalent
compared to other approaches, the psychosocial approach places greater emphasis on assessing
A) schemas one has about themself
B) the person’s orientation to relationships
C) personal achievements
D) emotional stability
B) the person’s orientation to relationships
As the ideas of Freud’s followers continued to evolve, they:
a. placed more emphasis on the superego and its functions.
b. placed increasing emphasis on relationships.
c. de-emphasized the mediating functions of the ego.
d. returned to Freud’s emphasis on inner conflict and resolutions.
b. placed increasing emphasis on relationships.
n object relations theories, the “object” refers to:
a. intrinsic goals.
b. the ego.
c. a person.
d. lifelong patterns.
c. a person.
Although the concept of object relations derives from Freud’s ideas, it is different in that objects relations emphasizes:
a. conscious rather than unconscious processes.
b. ego functioning rather than id functioning
c. unconscious rather than conscious processes.
d. id functioning rather than ego functioning.
b. ego functioning rather than id functioning
Object relations theories:
a. consider the formation of psychic bonds to be a fundamental function of the id.
b. emphasize that one’s pattern of relating to others is formed during adolescence.
c. assume that similar patterns of relating to others continue to occur throughout life.
d. have no connection to Freud’s concept of ego cathexis.
c. assume that similar patterns of relating to others continue to occur throughout life.
The period in which an infant is fused with its mother is called:
a. symbiosis.
b. interdependence.
c. attachment.
d. fusion.
a. symbiosis.
_________ refers to the process by which an infant becomes aware of its distinct existence.
a. Internalization
b. Differentiation
c. Accommodation
d. Separation-individuation
d. Separation-individuation
According to Mahler, a child will experience _________ when the movement away from symbiosis occurs too quickly.
a. insecure attachment
b. basic anxiety
c. separation anxiety
d. separation-individuation
c. separation anxiety
Many neoanalytic theories emphasized:
a. that there is no merit to traditional Freudian ideas.
b. the importance of the superego.
c. sexual functioning.
d. the importance of the ego.
d. the importance of the ego.
_________ believed that relationships create the structure of the self.
a. Kohut
b. Marcia
c. Erikson
d. Mahler
a. Kohut
To Kohut, selfobjects refers to:
a. someone who is opposite to the self.
b. someone important in satisfying the self’s needs.
c. someone who is threatening to the self.
d. impressions of oneself.
b. someone important in satisfying the self’s needs.
Mirroring that occurs later in life involves transference, which is:
a. using one’s relationship with a therapist to repair relationships.
b. using one’s orientation toward parents to relate to others.
c. a form of revenge based on anger at one’s parents.
d. none of the above
b. using one’s orientation toward parents to relate to others.
Unsuccessful mirroring results in:
a. satisfaction of the child’s narcissistic needs.
b. an initial, grandiose sense of self.
c. an inability to develop an adequate sense
of self.
d. all of the above
c. an inability to develop an adequate sense
of self.
bowlby used the term ______ to refer to an emotional connection with another person
a. attachment
b. symbiosis
c. synthesis
d. bonding
a. attachment
Attachment theory states that children build “working models” of:
a. the self.
b. others.
c. relationships in general.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Mary Ainsworth developed the strange situation, which:
a. is a means of assessing infant attachment.
b. puts a child in a room with crying children.
c, puts a child in a room with multiple strange adults.
d. all of the above
a. is a means of assessing infant attachment.
An infant who remains calm when its mother leaves and responds to her return in a
rejecting manner is displaying _________ attachment.
a. disoriented
b. resistant
c. avoidant
d. ambivalent
c. avoidant
Which of the following is true about mothers of children from different attachment
groups?
a. Often, it’s the timing of actions rather than the actions themselves that differ between groups.
b. Mothers of secure and avoidant babies spend similar amounts of time holding their
babies.
c. Mothers of secure babies respond quickly to their actions.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Mothers of securely attached infants and mothers of avoidant infants:
a. return their babies’ smiles at the same pace.
b. spend the same amount of total time holding their babies.
c. are more responsive than other mothers to their babies’ crying.
d. are emotionally involved with their babies.
b. spend the same amount of total time holding their babies.
Infant attachment coded at age 1 is highly predictive of responses to parents at age:
a. 6
b. 10
c. 12
d. 16
a. 6
Following a break-up, people from which group are most likely to turn to family and
friends?
a. secure
b. ambivalent
c. avoidant
d. dependent
a. secure
People with ambivalent attachment report that falling in love:
a. is almost impossible.
b. takes a lot of work.
c. is easy and can happen “at first sight.”
d. is a waste of time.
c. is easy and can happen “at first sight.”
According to Bartholomew & Horowitz, people with avoidant attachment can be
further divided in to which two subgroups?
a. dismissive and hateful
b. dismissive and fearful
c. dismissive and anxious
d. dismissive and ambivalent
b. dismissive and fearful
According to Baldwin’s work on attachment:
a. most people have the same attachment style in all of their relationships.
b. attachment style is quite unstable over time.
c. most people have more than one attachment style across relationships.
d. infant attachment bears little resemblance to adult attachment.
c. most people have more than one attachment style across relationships.
Who is LEAST likely to seek support as anxiety increases?
a. those who are secure
b. those who are avoidant
c. those who are ambivalent
d. those who are disorganized/disoriented
b. those who are avoidant
Who was most likely to use social support during the threat of missile attacks in
Israel?
a. those who were secure
b. those who were ambivalent
c. those who were avoidant
d. those who were disorganized/disoriented
a. those who were secure
Which of the following romantic pairings is most rare?
a. a secure and an avoidant individual
b. an ambivalent and an avoidant individual
c. two secure individuals
d. two ambivalent individuals
d. two ambivalent individuals
Using the categorical model of attachment, studies have found that avoidants tend to
be _________, secures tend to be _________,
and ambivalents tend to be
_________.
a. introverted, extraverted, neurotic
b. neurotic, conscientious, introverted
c. neurotic, extraverted, introverted
d. introverted, intelligent, neurotic
a. introverted, extraverted, neurotic
Unlike Freud, Erikson believed that personality development:
a. proceeds in an orderly sequence of stages that everyone experiences.
b. continues to evolve throughout life.
c. is divided into the id, ego, and superego.
d. none of the above
b. continues to evolve throughout life.
One of Erikson’s most important contributions to psychology was the notion of:
a. children continuing to develop even after the onset of adolescence.
b. boys and girls developing differently.
c. life-span development.
d. unconscious forces in development.
c. life-span development.
According to Erikson, the conscious experience of self is called:
a. ego identity.
b. functional autonomy.
c. primary ego autonomy.
d. secondary ego identity.
a. ego identity.
According to Erikson, ego identity:
a. constantly changes across the lifespan.
b. remains stable from infancy on.
c. changes up through early childhood and then remains stable.
d. changes up through late adolescence and then remains stable
a. constantly changes across the lifespan.
According to Erikson, each stage of psychosocial development is marked by a(n):
a. rapid period of psychological growth.
b. initial regression to an earlier stage of development.
c. psychosocial crisis.
d. all of the above
c. psychosocial crisis.
The crisis encountered in the infancy stage of psychosocial development is:
a. autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
b. basic trust vs. basic mistrust.
c. initiative vs. guilt.
d. industry vs. initiative.
b. basic trust vs. basic mistrust.
According to Erikson, the successful negotiation of a stage of development results in:
a. ego strength.
b. the superego.
c. pride.
d. self-acceptance.
a. ego strength.
Will develops immediately following the resolution of the:
a. trust vs. mistrust conflict.
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt conflict.
c. initiative vs. guilt conflict.
d. industry vs. inferiority conflict
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt conflict.
The psychosocial conflict that occurs during the preschool years (about age 3-5) is
called:
a. trust vs. mistrust.
b. industry vs. inferiority.
c. autonomy vs. shame.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
d. initiative vs. guilt.
Those who have reached the school-age psychosocial stage are:
a. learning the nature of adult work.
b. being introduced to the tools of adult work.
c. acquiring the role of citizenship.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Competence develops from successful adaptation to the:
a. preschool stage.
b. school age stage.
c. adolescence stage.
d. young adulthood stage.
b. school age stage.
The psychosocial stage, which represents a more dramatic break with the past than
any other to this point, is:
a. adolescence.
b. school age.
c. young adulthood.
d. preschool.
a. adolescence.
According to Erikson, identity derives from:
a. a melding of private and social self-conceptions.
b. a resolution of the Oedipal conflict.
c. the willingness to share the most personal aspects of oneself with others.
d. the opportunity to explore the environment.
a. a melding of private and social self-conceptions.
In many ways, Erikson viewed acquisition of a _________ as a person’s major life
task.
a. feeling of belonging
b. well-modulated conscience
c. sense of identity
d. none of the above
c. sense of identity
How is attaining a sense of identity (in Erikson’s sense) related to marriage?
a. Both men and women who have attained a sense of identity are more likely to get
married.
b. Women who have attained a sense of identity are more likely to get married.
c. Women who have attained a sense of identity and marry are more likely to get
divorced.
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Research shows that:
a. men with stronger identities are less likely to marry.
b. women with stronger identities are more likely to marry.
c. women with stronger identities who marry are less likely to divorce.
d. women with stronger identities who marry are more likely to divorce.
c. women with stronger identities who marry are less likely to divorce.
A positive balance of generativity results in the ego quality of:
a. care.
b. love.
c. belonging.
d. attentiveness.
a. care.
The psychosocial crisis in the adulthood stage is:
a. integrity vs. despair.
b. intimacy vs. isolation.
c. generativity vs. stagnation.
d. industry vs. inferiority.
c. generativity vs. stagnation.
Emerging from the ego integrity vs, despair crisis with a sense of integrity creates the
ego quality of:
a. care.
b. wisdom.
c. love.
d. belonging.
b. wisdom.
The term epigenetic developmental theory implies that:
a. each crisis in development exists in a primitive form at birth and is present in some
form at every other stage of development.
b. each crisis is experienced only once.
c. development proceeds in a smooth, continuous fashion.
d. development can simply go dormant for long periods of time (as in the latency stage).
a. each crisis in development exists in a primitive form at birth and is present in some
The one fundamental theme that seems to run through all of the psychosocial theories
is that:
a. personality development consists of stages.
b. people need to develop a sense of trust in their relationships.
c. people need to develop a sense of identity.
d. it is better to give than to receive.
b. people need to develop a sense of trust in their relationships.
From the psychosocial perspective, assessment often involves:
a. the use of modified projective techniques.
b. paper and pencil measures.
c. measuring the person’s view of relationships.
d. a kind of introspection.
c. measuring the person’s view of relationships.
According to the psychosocial perspective, one of the best ways of assessing the
personalities of children is to watch them while they:
a. solve puzzles.
b. sleep.
c. play.
d. interact with each other.
c. play.
Using play to assess personality is objective in the sense that:
a. the therapist is asked to form an impression of the child.
b. there is often a behavioral record.
c. the child’s statements are rarely taken at face value.
d. all of the above
b. there is often a behavioral record.
Psychosocial therapists attribute behavioral problems to difficulties in:
a. resolving id-superego conflicts.
b. the development of a conscience.
c. relationships.
d. learning.
c. relationships.
Pathological narcissists:
a. need constant attention from others.
b. may erupt with extreme rage if thwarted.
c. display a sense of deserving others’ adulation.
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
Kernberg claimed that narcissism comes from:
a. parental rejection.
b. insufficient ego development.
c. having every need and desire immediately fulfilled.
d. inadequate peer socialization.
a. parental rejection.
Avoidant attachment has been implicated in the development of:
a. bulimia.
b. anxiety-disorders.
c. schizophrenia.
d. depression.
d. depression.
Psychosocial therapists emphasize _________ as part of the therapeutic process.
a. catharsis
b. sublimation
c. relationships
d. insight
c. relationships
