~~~ cognitive perspective QUIZ Flashcards
One assumption of the cognitive perspective is that:
a. all decisions are unconscious.
b. all decisions are conscious.
c. most decisions are unconscious, but some are conscious.
d. most decisions are conscious, but some are unconscious.
c. most decisions are unconscious, but some are conscious..
Kelly viewed people as implicit:
a. scientists.
b. artists.
c. altruists.
d. all of the above
a. scientists.
Aspects of cognitive psychology are strikingly similar to the ideas of:
a. Abraham Maslow.
b George Kelly.
c. Carl Rogers.
d. none of the above
b George Kelly.
A(n) _________ is a mental organization of information (i.e., a knowledge structure).
a. schema
b. idiograph
c. prime
d. attribution
a. schema
The idealized best member of a category is its:
a. object.
b. prototype.
c. schema.
d. fuzzy set.
b. prototype.
The “best member” or “most typical” example of a category is called a:
a. central proposition.
b. dispositional attribution.
c. prototype.
d. schema.
c. prototype.
A(n) _________ refers to criteria that are important but not absolutely necessary to
define a schema.
a. exemplar
b. fuzzy set
c. prototype
d. none of the above
b. fuzzy set
One consequence of the use of a schema is:
a. easier coding of new material.
b. improved memory for randomly selected details.
c. improved reading ability.
d. greater intelligence.
a. easier coding of new material.
Schema-based biases:
a. are no longer thought to exist.
b. refer to the idea that it’s easier to
remember shocking information that clashes
with our schemas.
c. can perpetuate themselves.
d. none of the above
c. can perpetuate themselves.
When a given schema is activated:
a. people look for information relevant to that schema.
b. another schema can’t be activated.
c. people have a more difficult time concentrating.
d. all of the above
a. people look for information relevant to that schema.
- _________ is memory organized according to meaning, but _________
is memory for events.
a. Semantic, episodic
b. Conceptual, descriptive
c. Semantic, declarative
d. Declarative, semantic
a. Semantic, episodic
_________ are schemas for a class of
episodes.
a. Prototypes
b. Episodic traces
c. Scripts
d. Fuzzy sets
c. Scripts
Forming and using categories to represent socially meaningful stimuli is known as:
A. episodic memory.
B. social intelligence.
C. procedural knowledge.
D. social cognition.
D. social cognition.
People develop schematic representations of:
A. situations.
B. individual people.
C. environments.
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
A self-schema:
A. makes it easier to remember things consistent with it.
B. is small, simple, and efficient.
C. has fewer emotional elements and more intellectual elements than other schemas.
D. all of the above
A. makes it easier to remember things consistent with it.
Self-schemas differ from other schemas in that they are:
A. smaller and more restricted.
B. simpler.
C. used less frequently.
D. more likely to include emotional elements.
D. more likely to include emotional elements.
People high in self-complexity:
A. are more arrogant than those low in self-complexity.
B. have many distinctly different self-aspects.
C. rarely think about themselves.
D. all of the above
B. have many distinctly different self-aspects
Thinking of the self in a contextualized way:
A. is very easy to do.
B. is very difficult to do.
C. can exacerbate emotional reactions to failure.
D. can dampen emotional reactions to failure.
D. can dampen emotional reactions to failure.
Possible selves:
A. provide goals to work toward or to avoid.
B. do not include who you think you should be.
C. include who you could have become if you made different choices in the past.
D. all of the above
A. provide goals to work toward or to avoid
People with an entity view of ability:
A. are unaffected if they do not do well.
B. try to figure out why they have not done well.
C. want to quit if they do not do well.
D. see their actions as extending their ability.
C. want to quit if they do not do well.
Attribution is something that people:
A. do only when something is difficult to understand.
B. do only when angry about an event.
C. always do spontaneously and without awareness.
D. do spontaneously and without awareness when alert, but with effort when fatigued.
C. always do spontaneously and without awareness.
