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Sport & Exercise Science > Psychology Test (Semester 1 Year 1) > Flashcards

Psychology Test (Semester 1 Year 1) Flashcards

1
Q

4 C’s of sport and exercise psychology?

A

Confidence
Commitment
Controlling emotions
Concentration

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2
Q

Three roles of sport and exercise psychologists?

A

Researcher
Teacher
Consultant

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3
Q

1893-1920 period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

The early years

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4
Q

1921-1938 period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

The development of labs and psychological testing

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5
Q

1939-1965 period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

Prep for the future

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6
Q

1966-1977 period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

Establishment of academic sport psychology

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7
Q

1978-1999 period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

Multidisciplinary science and practice in sport and exercise psychology

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8
Q

2000-present period of sport and exercise psychology?

A

Contemporary sport and exercise psychology

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9
Q

Characteristics of a values and mental toughness profiler?

A

Categories/areas
Comments/examples of why and how much an individual needs to improve
Rating of 1-10 of improvement need

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10
Q

2 personality definitions?

A
  1. ) Personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychosocial symptoms that determine his/her unique adjustments to his/her environment.
  2. ) Personality is the sum total of an individual’s characteristics which make him/her unique
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11
Q

(Martens) Structure of personality model?

A

Typical responses are influenced by our psychological core

Role-related behaviour is influenced by our social environment

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12
Q

3 major approaches to understanding personality?

A

Trait approach
Situational approach
Interactional approach

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13
Q

What is the trait approach to understanding personality?

A

Assumes personality traits are stable and consistent across different situations, suggests traits predispose someone to act in a certain way.

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14
Q

What is the situational approach to understanding personality?

A

Argues behaviour is determined predominantly by the situation/environment.

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15
Q

What is the interactional approach to understanding personality?

A

Argues behaviour is determined by both the person’s traits and the situation as well as the interaction.

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16
Q

What is the most common approach to understanding personality?

A

Interactional approach

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17
Q

Acronym for the big 5 model?

A

OCEAN

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18
Q

What is the role of the big 5 model?

A

To act as a predictor of physical activity

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19
Q

What are the 5 categories in the big 5 model?

A 
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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20
Q

(Howard) What categories from the big 5 model with physical activity are moderated by exercise intensity?

A

Neuroticism
Extroversion
Concientiousness

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21
Q

What 4 factors are known to moderate personality and physical activity?

A

Gender
Age
Country
Culture

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22
Q

(Rhodes & Dickau) What affects your intentions with physical activity?

A

Consientiousness

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23
Q

(Ajzen) What does the theory of planned behaviour suggest?

A

Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control shape individual behavioural intentions.
Behavioural intention is assumed to be the most proximal determinant of human social behaviour.

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24
Q

Whose work found that looking at both the person and the situation could explain twice as much behaviour as traits alone?

A

Bowers

25
Q

Self-confidence definition?

A

The belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour.

26
Q

What is depositional self-confidence?

A

The degree of certainty individuals usually have about their ability to succeed.

27
Q

What is state like self-confidence?

A

The belief of certainty that individuals have at a particular moment about their ability to succeed.

28
Q

What is optimal confidence?

A

Being so convinced that you will achieve your goals that you strive hard to do so.

29
Q

What are the results of a lack of confidence?

A

Creates anxiety, breaks concentration, and causes indecisiveness.

30
Q

What are the results of overconfidence?

A

Causes you to prepare less than you need in order to perform.

31
Q

4 components of Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)

A

Types of sport confidence.
Sources of sport confidence.
Consequences of sport confidence.
Factors influencing sport confidence & performance.

32
Q

What does the component ‘Types of sport confidence’ suggest in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)

A

Confidence is conceptualised multidimensionally.

33
Q

How many sources of sport confidence are there in Vealey and Chase’s model of sport confidence? What are they categorised under? (2008)

A

9 sources categorised under:

  • Achievement
  • Self-regulation
  • Social climate
34
Q

What do consequences of sport confidence impact according to Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence?

A

(ABC)
Affect
Behaviour
Cognitions

35
Q

How does organisational culture influence sport confidence in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)

A

Through competition, motivational climate, coaching behaviour, etc.

36
Q

How do demographic/personality characteristics influence sport confidence in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)

A

Through optimism, goal orientations, gender, race etc.

37
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

Situation specific confidence.

38
Q

What does self-efficacy affect?

A

Choice of activity.
Degree of effort.
Level of persistence.

39
Q

Where does self-efficacy come from?

A

Performance accomplishments.
Vicarious experience.
Verbal persuasion.
Emotional and physiological arousal.

40
Q

What is the most reliable predictor of self-efficacy?

A

Performance accomplishments

41
Q

2 types of verbal persuasion?

A

External.

Internal.

42
Q

4 components of subjective appraisal?

A

Environmental conditions.
Levels of preparation.
Consequences of success and failure.
Opponents’ strengths and weaknesses.

43
Q

How do we form impressions of opponents? (Warr & Knapper)

A

Present stimulus person information.
Stored stimulus person information.
Current context information.

44
Q

Impacts of first impressions?

A

Shape interactions

45
Q

Process of expectancies?

A

Attention, evaluation and memory

46
Q

Impacts of expectancies?

A

Affects confidence and performance.

The way we perceive someone will influence how we explain their actions.

47
Q

What is cognitive restructuring?

A

Aims to replace irrational or unhelpful thought patterns with more adaptive thoughts.

48
Q

What may differences in interpretation be due to?

A

The manner in which performers approach situations.

49
Q

Why may there be differences in anxiety interpretation in different sports?

A

A rugby player is more likely to find anxiety symptoms more facilitating than a golfer.

50
Q

Original proposal about the relationship between performance and arousal?

A

Low arousal = low performance.
Medium arousal = optimal performance.
High arousal = low performance.

51
Q

When do task oriented individuals feel successful/competent?

A

When they improve their skills.

52
Q

What are stability and locus of causality dimensions of?

A

Attributions

53
Q

Symptoms of somatic anxiety?

A

Increased muscle tension.
Profuse sweating.
Butterflies in stomach.

54
Q

What does the CSAI-2 measure?

A

Cognitive anxiety.
Somatic anxiety.
Self-confidence.

55
Q

Another word for ‘vicarious experiences’?

A

Modelling

56
Q

What is the basic premise of the Health Belief Model?

A

Individuals will engage in preventative health behaviours depending on the individuals perception of the severity of past illnesses.

57
Q

How does the theory of planned behaviour extend the theory of reasoned action?

A

By including the factor of perceived behavioural control.

58
Q

What is an example of a scale for measuring team cohesion?

A

Group environment questionnaire

Sport & Exercise Science (33 decks)

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