Psychology Test (Semester 1 Year 1) Flashcards
4 C’s of sport and exercise psychology?
Confidence
Commitment
Controlling emotions
Concentration
Three roles of sport and exercise psychologists?
Researcher
Teacher
Consultant
1893-1920 period of sport and exercise psychology?
The early years
1921-1938 period of sport and exercise psychology?
The development of labs and psychological testing
1939-1965 period of sport and exercise psychology?
Prep for the future
1966-1977 period of sport and exercise psychology?
Establishment of academic sport psychology
1978-1999 period of sport and exercise psychology?
Multidisciplinary science and practice in sport and exercise psychology
2000-present period of sport and exercise psychology?
Contemporary sport and exercise psychology
Characteristics of a values and mental toughness profiler?
Categories/areas
Comments/examples of why and how much an individual needs to improve
Rating of 1-10 of improvement need
2 personality definitions?
- ) Personality is the dynamic organisation within the individual of those psychosocial symptoms that determine his/her unique adjustments to his/her environment.
- ) Personality is the sum total of an individual’s characteristics which make him/her unique
(Martens) Structure of personality model?
Typical responses are influenced by our psychological core
Role-related behaviour is influenced by our social environment
3 major approaches to understanding personality?
Trait approach
Situational approach
Interactional approach
What is the trait approach to understanding personality?
Assumes personality traits are stable and consistent across different situations, suggests traits predispose someone to act in a certain way.
What is the situational approach to understanding personality?
Argues behaviour is determined predominantly by the situation/environment.
What is the interactional approach to understanding personality?
Argues behaviour is determined by both the person’s traits and the situation as well as the interaction.
What is the most common approach to understanding personality?
Interactional approach
Acronym for the big 5 model?
OCEAN
What is the role of the big 5 model?
To act as a predictor of physical activity
What are the 5 categories in the big 5 model?
Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism
(Howard) What categories from the big 5 model with physical activity are moderated by exercise intensity?
Neuroticism
Extroversion
Concientiousness
What 4 factors are known to moderate personality and physical activity?
Gender
Age
Country
Culture
(Rhodes & Dickau) What affects your intentions with physical activity?
Consientiousness
(Ajzen) What does the theory of planned behaviour suggest?
Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control shape individual behavioural intentions.
Behavioural intention is assumed to be the most proximal determinant of human social behaviour.
Whose work found that looking at both the person and the situation could explain twice as much behaviour as traits alone?
Bowers
Self-confidence definition?
The belief that you can successfully perform a desired behaviour.
What is depositional self-confidence?
The degree of certainty individuals usually have about their ability to succeed.
What is state like self-confidence?
The belief of certainty that individuals have at a particular moment about their ability to succeed.
What is optimal confidence?
Being so convinced that you will achieve your goals that you strive hard to do so.
What are the results of a lack of confidence?
Creates anxiety, breaks concentration, and causes indecisiveness.
What are the results of overconfidence?
Causes you to prepare less than you need in order to perform.
4 components of Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)
Types of sport confidence.
Sources of sport confidence.
Consequences of sport confidence.
Factors influencing sport confidence & performance.
What does the component ‘Types of sport confidence’ suggest in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)
Confidence is conceptualised multidimensionally.
How many sources of sport confidence are there in Vealey and Chase’s model of sport confidence? What are they categorised under? (2008)
9 sources categorised under:
- Achievement
- Self-regulation
- Social climate
What do consequences of sport confidence impact according to Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence?
(ABC)
Affect
Behaviour
Cognitions
How does organisational culture influence sport confidence in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)
Through competition, motivational climate, coaching behaviour, etc.
How do demographic/personality characteristics influence sport confidence in Vealey & Chase’s model of sport confidence? (2008)
Through optimism, goal orientations, gender, race etc.
What is self-efficacy?
Situation specific confidence.
What does self-efficacy affect?
Choice of activity.
Degree of effort.
Level of persistence.
Where does self-efficacy come from?
Performance accomplishments.
Vicarious experience.
Verbal persuasion.
Emotional and physiological arousal.
What is the most reliable predictor of self-efficacy?
Performance accomplishments
2 types of verbal persuasion?
External.
Internal.
4 components of subjective appraisal?
Environmental conditions.
Levels of preparation.
Consequences of success and failure.
Opponents’ strengths and weaknesses.
How do we form impressions of opponents? (Warr & Knapper)
Present stimulus person information.
Stored stimulus person information.
Current context information.
Impacts of first impressions?
Shape interactions
Process of expectancies?
Attention, evaluation and memory
Impacts of expectancies?
Affects confidence and performance.
The way we perceive someone will influence how we explain their actions.
What is cognitive restructuring?
Aims to replace irrational or unhelpful thought patterns with more adaptive thoughts.
What may differences in interpretation be due to?
The manner in which performers approach situations.
Why may there be differences in anxiety interpretation in different sports?
A rugby player is more likely to find anxiety symptoms more facilitating than a golfer.
Original proposal about the relationship between performance and arousal?
Low arousal = low performance.
Medium arousal = optimal performance.
High arousal = low performance.
When do task oriented individuals feel successful/competent?
When they improve their skills.
What are stability and locus of causality dimensions of?
Attributions
Symptoms of somatic anxiety?
Increased muscle tension.
Profuse sweating.
Butterflies in stomach.
What does the CSAI-2 measure?
Cognitive anxiety.
Somatic anxiety.
Self-confidence.
Another word for ‘vicarious experiences’?
Modelling
What is the basic premise of the Health Belief Model?
Individuals will engage in preventative health behaviours depending on the individuals perception of the severity of past illnesses.
How does the theory of planned behaviour extend the theory of reasoned action?
By including the factor of perceived behavioural control.
What is an example of a scale for measuring team cohesion?
Group environment questionnaire
