Physiology - Measurement of Anaerobic Performance

Question 1

The higher the power the…?

Answer 1

The higher the power the higher the sprint/swim velocity.

Question 2

A 0.3-1% difference in athletic performance could be what? (Hopkins, 2004; Anderson et al., 2008)

Answer 2

Competitively significant.

Question 3

Through what methods can we measure anaerobic metabolism directly?

Answer 3

Muscle biopsy.

MRI.

Question 4

Through what methods can we measure anaerobic metabolism indirectly?

Answer 4

Blood lactate.

Performance tests.

Question 5

Advantages of direct measurements of anaerobic metabolism such as a muscle biopsy or a MRI scan?

Answer 5

They’re informative.

Question 6

Disadvantages of direct measurements of anaerobic metabolism such as a muscle biopsy or a MRI scan?

Answer 6

Invasive.
Expensive.
Require time, expertise and lab practice.

Question 7

Advantages of indirect measurements of anaerobic metabolism such as blood lactate and performance tests?

Answer 7

Can be done more easily than direct methods.
Don’t need much expertise.
Performance tests apply more to the field of performance for an athlete.

Question 8

Work formula?

Answer 8

Power x Time.

Question 9

When is peak power usually attained during a Wingate anaerobic test?

Answer 9

Between 1-3 secs.

Question 10

What do you look at in a wingate anaerobic test?

Answer 10

Peak power production.
Mean power average production.
End power production.
Over a 30 sec test.

Question 11

What does the difference between the peak power and end power determine?

Answer 11

The fatigue index.

Question 12

Examples of muscular strength and power measures?

Answer 12

Sprint test.
Wingate test.
Isokinetic dynamometer (for MVC).
X rep max.
Grip strength.
Vertical/Broad jump.
Sprint speed.
Sit-ups per min.

Question 13

Muscular strength definition?

Answer 13

The maximal force that a muscle or muscle group can generate.

Question 14

Disadvantages of assessing muscular strength via 1RM?

Answer 14

Technique dependent.
Many safety considerations.
Tends to only be used by elite performers.

Question 15

What is a safer alternative to a 1RM test when assessing strength?

Answer 15

5 or 10 RM.

Question 16

Advantages of assessing strength via a handgrip dynamometer?

Answer 16

Easy, quick, cheap.

Good way of assessing natural strength of lesser trained muscles.

Question 17

What does a handgrip dynamometer measure?

Answer 17

Maximal voluntary contraction (concentric).

Question 18

What can muscular strength be assessed by?

Answer 18

1RM.
Handgrip dynamometer.
Isometric strength dynamometer.
Isokinetic dynamometer.

Question 19

What is the isometric strength dynamometer typically of?

Answer 19

Knee extensor.

Question 20

What can the isometric strength dynamometer be used to determine other than muscular strength? How?

Answer 20

Muscular endurance and fatigue by performing single or multiple contractions at timed intervals e.g. 3-5 secs.

Question 21

What does isometric strength dynamometer allow you to look at?

Answer 21

The ‘drop off’ in force output.

Question 22

What does the isokinetic dynamometer assess?

Answer 22

Static strength and dynamic strength at various speeds and angles of motion.

Question 23

What is power?

Answer 23

The combination of strength and speed.

Question 24

Ways that power can be assessed?

Answer 24

Sprint time.
Seated medicine ball throw.
Standing broad jump.
Vertical jump test.
Bangsbo repeated sprint test (7 x 35m).
Non-motorised sprint treadmill.
Isokinetic dynamometer.
Wingate test.

Question 25

2 types of tests to assess state of fitness?

Answer 25

1. ) Field test.

2. ) Laboratory test.

Question 26

What is a field test used for?

Answer 26

To assess sport-specific ability that is performed away form the lab and does not require extensive training, cost or specialist equipment.

Question 27

What is a laboratory test used for?

Answer 27

To assess ability that is performed in the laboratory and requires extensive training and specialist/expensive equipment.

Question 28

Characteristics of field testing?

Answer 28

Used for large groups.
Minimal equipment.
Low cost.
Replicates environment.

Question 29

Characteristics of laboratory testing?

Answer 29

Used for individual testing.
Sophisticated equipment.
Skilled technicians.
More control.
Greater time demand.
Greater cost.

Question 30

2 considerations when choosing a test?

Answer 30

Validity.

Reliability.

Question 31

Internal validity?

Answer 31

Evidence that a study’s design reflects what is observed.

Question 32

External validity?

Answer 32

The degree to which the conclusions in a study would hold for other persons in other places and other times.