Physiology Final Exam

Question 1

Vasodilation? What does it do?

Answer 1

• The widening of blood vessels.

- Keeps us cool when we are in a hot environment.

Question 2

Vasoconstriction? What does it do?

Answer 2

• Narrowing of blood vessels.

- Keeps us warm when we are in a cold environment.

Question 3

Bradycardia?

Answer 3

When an individual has a resting HR of less than 60BPM.

Question 4

Thyroxine release?

Answer 4

• Produced from the thyroid gland.

- Controls the speed at which oxygen and food products release energy for the body to use.

Question 5

Hypothalamus?

Answer 5

The control centre for thermoregulation in the human body.

Question 6

Skin receptors?

Answer 6

Detect stimuli applied on the body surface.

Question 7

Hippocampus?

Answer 7

Part of the brain that has a major role in learning and memory

Question 8

Hypothalamus?

Answer 8

The control centre for thermoregulation in the human body.

Question 9

Anaerobic metabolism? When does this occur?

Answer 9

• The creation of energy through the combustion of carbs in the absence of oxygen.
• When your lungs cannot put enough oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscles for energy.

Question 10

Anaerobic power?

Answer 10

The rate at which anaerobic energy is produced.

Question 11

Anaerobic capacity?

Answer 11

The maximal amount of ATP resynthesised via anaerobic metabolism during a specific mode of short-duration exercise.

Question 12

How is anaerobic capacity determined?

Answer 12

By the capacities of the two anaerobic energy pathways.

Question 13

What does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 13

Stimulates metabolic rate.

Question 14

What does the Wingate anaerobic test demonstrate in relation to when peak power is achieved?

Answer 14

1 to 3 seconds.

Question 15

Where does resting blood lactate concentration vary between? (mM)

Answer 15

0.5 to 1.5 mM.

Question 16

Protocol for a lactate threshold test?

Answer 16

• Incremental exercise.
• 7 to 9, 3-4 min stages.
• Blood sample in each stage.

Question 17

The Burgomaster protocol can improve endurance time to exhaustion. What are 2 adaptations that contribute to this improved performance following HIIT?

Answer 17

• Increased muscle glycogen.

- Increased citrate synthase.

Question 18

Burgomaster protocol?

Answer 18

HIIT = 6 sessions of repeated 30s Wingate sprints over 2 weeks.

Question 19

2 functional abilities that contribute to performance? (Coyle’s model)

Answer 19

Lactate threshold and economy.

Question 20

HIIT?

Answer 20

High intensity interval training.

Question 21

Periodisation?

Answer 21

Gradual cycling of training volume and intensity to achieve peak performance.

Question 22

Overreaching?

Answer 22

Temporary reduction in training due to planned overload.

Question 23

Overtraining?

Answer 23

Persistently poor performance lasting weeks or months.

Question 24

Microcycle?

Answer 24

Period of training up to 1 week.

Question 25

To ensure that training improvements can be monitored accurately, it is important that all lab and field-based tests have good…

Answer 25

…reliability and validity.

Question 26

Reliability?

Answer 26

The ability of a test to show consistent results on a repeated basis.

Question 27

Validity?

Answer 27

How a test compares to the ‘gold standard’ test.

Question 28

The chemical model of body composition contains which elements?

Answer 28

• Fat
• Protein
• Carbs
• Water
• Mineral

Question 29

The anatomical model of body composition contains which elements?

Answer 29

• Adipose tissue
• Muscle
• Organs
• Bone
• Other

Question 30

The Behnke 2-component model of body composition contains which elements/

Answer 30

• Fat
• Essential fat
• Lean body mass

Question 31

The 2-component model of body composition contains which elements?

Answer 31

• Fat mass

- Fat-free mass

Question 32

BMI equation?

Answer 32

BMI = kg / meters squared

Question 33

BMI score that would classify a female/male as underweight?

Answer 33

• Female = <20

- Male = <18

Question 34

BMI score that would classify a female/male as normal?

Answer 34

• Female = 20-25

- Male = 18-24

Question 35

BMI score that would classify a female/male as overweight?

Answer 35

• Female = 25-30

- Male = 24-28

Question 36

BMI score that would classify a female/male as obese?

Answer 36

• Female = 30-40

- Male = 29-36

Question 37

BMI score that would classify a female/male as morbidly obese?

Answer 37

• Female = >40

- Male = >36

Question 38

Hydrodensitometry?

Answer 38

• Underwater weighing.

- Calculates the body density of a subject and this provides body fat levels.

Question 39

Cadever?

Answer 39

• Gold standard of body composition analysis.

- Dissects a fresh, dead human body, and determines the % fat in each body part.

Question 40

Skinfolds?

Answer 40

• Used to assess skinfold thickness, so that a prediction of the total amount of body fat can be made.
• Assumes body fat is equally distributed over the body.

Question 41

Magnetic resonance imaging? (MRI)

Answer 41

A technique for producing images of bodily organs by measuring the response of the atomic nuclei of body tissues to high-frequency radio waves when placed in a strong magnetic field.