Physiology Final Exam Flashcards
Vasodilation? What does it do?
- The widening of blood vessels.
- Keeps us cool when we are in a hot environment.
Vasoconstriction? What does it do?
- Narrowing of blood vessels.
- Keeps us warm when we are in a cold environment.
Bradycardia?
When an individual has a resting HR of less than 60BPM.
Thyroxine release?
- Produced from the thyroid gland.
- Controls the speed at which oxygen and food products release energy for the body to use.
Hypothalamus?
The control centre for thermoregulation in the human body.
Skin receptors?
Detect stimuli applied on the body surface.
Hippocampus?
Part of the brain that has a major role in learning and memory
Hypothalamus?
The control centre for thermoregulation in the human body.
Anaerobic metabolism? When does this occur?
- The creation of energy through the combustion of carbs in the absence of oxygen.
- When your lungs cannot put enough oxygen into the bloodstream to keep up with the demands of your muscles for energy.
Anaerobic power?
The rate at which anaerobic energy is produced.
Anaerobic capacity?
The maximal amount of ATP resynthesised via anaerobic metabolism during a specific mode of short-duration exercise.
How is anaerobic capacity determined?
By the capacities of the two anaerobic energy pathways.
What does the thyroid gland do?
Stimulates metabolic rate.
What does the Wingate anaerobic test demonstrate in relation to when peak power is achieved?
1 to 3 seconds.
Where does resting blood lactate concentration vary between? (mM)
0.5 to 1.5 mM.
Protocol for a lactate threshold test?
- Incremental exercise.
- 7 to 9, 3-4 min stages.
- Blood sample in each stage.
The Burgomaster protocol can improve endurance time to exhaustion. What are 2 adaptations that contribute to this improved performance following HIIT?
- Increased muscle glycogen.
- Increased citrate synthase.
Burgomaster protocol?
HIIT = 6 sessions of repeated 30s Wingate sprints over 2 weeks.
2 functional abilities that contribute to performance? (Coyle’s model)
Lactate threshold and economy.
HIIT?
High intensity interval training.
Periodisation?
Gradual cycling of training volume and intensity to achieve peak performance.
Overreaching?
Temporary reduction in training due to planned overload.
Overtraining?
Persistently poor performance lasting weeks or months.
Microcycle?
Period of training up to 1 week.
To ensure that training improvements can be monitored accurately, it is important that all lab and field-based tests have good…
…reliability and validity.
Reliability?
The ability of a test to show consistent results on a repeated basis.
Validity?
How a test compares to the ‘gold standard’ test.
The chemical model of body composition contains which elements?
- Fat
- Protein
- Carbs
- Water
- Mineral
The anatomical model of body composition contains which elements?
- Adipose tissue
- Muscle
- Organs
- Bone
- Other
The Behnke 2-component model of body composition contains which elements/
- Fat
- Essential fat
- Lean body mass
The 2-component model of body composition contains which elements?
- Fat mass
- Fat-free mass
BMI equation?
BMI = kg / meters squared
BMI score that would classify a female/male as underweight?
- Female = <20
- Male = <18
BMI score that would classify a female/male as normal?
- Female = 20-25
- Male = 18-24
BMI score that would classify a female/male as overweight?
- Female = 25-30
- Male = 24-28
BMI score that would classify a female/male as obese?
- Female = 30-40
- Male = 29-36
BMI score that would classify a female/male as morbidly obese?
- Female = >40
- Male = >36
Hydrodensitometry?
- Underwater weighing.
- Calculates the body density of a subject and this provides body fat levels.
Cadever?
- Gold standard of body composition analysis.
- Dissects a fresh, dead human body, and determines the % fat in each body part.
Skinfolds?
- Used to assess skinfold thickness, so that a prediction of the total amount of body fat can be made.
- Assumes body fat is equally distributed over the body.
Magnetic resonance imaging? (MRI)
A technique for producing images of bodily organs by measuring the response of the atomic nuclei of body tissues to high-frequency radio waves when placed in a strong magnetic field.
