Psychology Quizzes Year 2 Semester 1

Question 1

____________________ reflect how people define success or competence, or the subjective meaning they attribute to success or competence (e.g. Nicholls, 1989).

Answer 1

Achievement goals.

Question 2

___________________ reflects an individual’s definition of success in terms of self- or task-referenced criteria and a focus on developing competence through skill improvement, task mastery and trying hard.

Answer 2

Task goal involvement.

Question 3

_________________ reflects an individual’s definition of success in terms of normatively-referenced criteria and a focus on demonstrating competence or superiority by winning or outperforming others (e.g. Nicholls, 1989).

Answer 3

Ego goal involvement.

Question 4

________________ are the dispositional tendencies to adopt self-referenced or normative-referenced definitions of success across various situations.

Answer 4

Goal orientations.

Question 5

___________________ are situationally induced achievement goals, and represent individuals’ perceptions of the definitions of success promoted by significant others (e.g. coaches, instructors, teachers, parents, peers).

Answer 5

Motivational climate.

Question 6

According to Achievement Goal Theory (Nicholls, 1989) individuals with strong Ego Goals display an adaptive pattern of behaviours, beliefs and feelings only when they have high levels of perceived competence. True or false? Why?

Answer 6

True.
This is because according to Nicholls (1989) people who are predominantly ego goal oriented must have high levels of perceived confidence in order to have an adaptive behavioural tendency.

Question 7

According to Achievement Goal Theory (Nicholls, 1989) individuals with strong Task Goals display an adaptive pattern of behaviours, beliefs and feelings only when they have high levels of perceived competence. True or false? Why?

Answer 7

False.
This is because according to Nicholls (1989) perceived competence is not relevant to people who are predominantly task goal oriented, and they will always have adaptive behavioural tendencies.

Question 8

A literature review (Biddle et al., 2003) concluded that Task Orientation had positive relationships with…

Answer 8

• Positive affect.
• Perceived competence.
• Participation motive of skill development.

Question 9

A literature review (Biddle et al., 2003) concluded that Task Orientation had a positive relationship with the belief that the purpose of sport and PE is to foster…

Answer 9

• Fitness.
• Mastery.
• Self-esteem.

Question 10

A literature review by Biddle at al. (2003) concluded that Ego Orientation had positive relationships with…

Answer 10

• Participation motive of competition.
• Participation motive of status and recognition.
• Believe that innate talent produces success.

Question 11

A literature review (Harwood et al., 2005) concluded that Mastery Climate had positive relationships with…

Answer 11

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Question 12

A review by Harwood et al. (2005) concluded that Performance Climate had a negative relationship with…

Answer 12

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Question 13

A review by Harwood et al. (2005) concluded that Performance Climate had a positive relationship with …

Answer 13

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Question 14

Seeking to develop competence in relation to task or self?

Answer 14

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Question 15

Avoiding to demonstrate normative incompetence?

Answer 15

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Question 16

Avoiding stagnation or loss of competence in relation to task or self?

Answer 16

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Question 17

Seeking to demonstrate normative competence?

Answer 17

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Question 18

According to the Contemporary Achievement Goal Theory (e.g. Elliot & McGregor, 2001) individuals with Mastery and Performance Avoidance Goals display a maladaptive pattern of behaviours, beliefs and feelings. True or false?

Answer 18

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Question 19

According to the Contemporary Achievement Goal Theory (e.g. Elliot & McGregor, 2001) individuals with Performance-Approach and Performance-Avoidance Goals display a maladaptive pattern of behaviours, beliefs and feelings. True or false?

Answer 19

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Question 20

According to the Contemporary Achievement Goal Theory (e.g. Elliot & McGregor, 2001) individuals with Mastery-Approach and Mastery-Avoidance Goals display an adaptive pattern of behaviours, beliefs and feelings. True or false?

Answer 20

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Question 21

Isoard-Gautheur and collegues (2013) investigated the phenomenon of burnout in elite training centres from an achievement goal theory perspective. They reported that athletes were less likely to experience burnout if they had…

Answer 21

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Question 22

Braithwaite and colleagues (2011) carried out a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effectiveness of mastery climate interventions based on TARGET principles in physical education. The results were consistent with the achievement goal theory in that mastery climate interventions improved
outcomes and reduced ______________________
outcomes.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Braithwaite and colleagues (2011) carried out a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effectiveness of mastery climate interventions based on TARGET principles in physical education. Following these interventions the largest increases were found in…

Answer 23

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Question 24

Braithwaite and colleagues (2011) carried out a meta-analysis of studies investigating the effectiveness of mastery climate interventions based on TARGET principles in physical education. Following these interventions the largest decreases were found in…

Answer 24

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Question 25

Cecchini et al. (2014) investigated the effects of a TARGET-based motivational climate intervention with student-athletes. They reported that after 12 weeks the mastery climate group had…

Answer 25

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Question 26

Smith et al. (2007) reported that athletes in the mastery climate intervention group experienced lower…

Answer 26

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Question 27

Although the role of perceived competence is critical in Nicholls’ theory of achievement goals (1989), only a few researchers have attempted to examine the moderating effects of perceived competence on the relationships between ego orientation and motivation-related outcomes, and the results have been mixed. True or false?

Answer 27

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