Psychological Development

Question 1

Development takes place in context of 2 things:

Answer 1

cultural

historical

Question 2

development time frame?

Answer 2

throughout life course

Question 3

2 kinds of milestones:

Answer 3

1. universal

2. sensitive periods

Question 4

Culture is stable?

Answer 4

changes over time

transmitted from generation to generation

Question 5

most work by developmental psychs done on?

Answer 5

western pop

Question 6

Erikson’s theory is how many stages? what was his main point?

Answer 6

7 stages
step by step growth
critical time periods

Question 7

Problems with Erikson’s theory

Answer 7

1950s
hard to test
not enough negative development
too linear

Question 8

Developmental task is?

Answer 8

task arises at certain time in person’s life = happiness and future task success

Question 9

weakness with tasks approach?

Answer 9

timeframes change with socioculture

Question 10

trajectories and turning points are?

Answer 10

trajectory: sum of forces towards a direction

turning point: disruption in trajectory, impact life destinations

Question 11

importance of early experiences on life trajectories may result in:

Answer 11

chain reactions and cumulative effects

Question 12

potential for change in life during what events?

Answer 12

turning points

Question 13

transactional model means?

Answer 13

multiple factors operate dynamically and bi-directionally

Question 14

what is a matrix of disadvantage example?

Answer 14

parents of children with disruptive behaviour disorders have more domestic violence, substance abuse etc.

Question 15

Gene-environment interactions means?

Answer 15

some environments will switch on certain genes

Question 16

Genes contribute how much to behavioural traits?

Answer 16

30-80%

Question 17

deprivation of early maternal care messes with what NT?

Answer 17

MAOa

Question 18

what is multifinality?

Answer 18

one risk factor leading to multiple outcomes

Question 19

what is equifinality?

Answer 19

several risk factors all contributing to one outcome eg. depression

Question 20

2 kinds of protective factors:

Answer 20

internal resources

external/environmental resources

Question 21

older age group example of internal protective factors?

Answer 21

positive self-perceptions of aging leads to better health behaviours

Question 22

temperament genetic heritability is around?

Answer 22

50-60%

Question 23

4 dimensions of temperament?

Answer 23

1. harm avoidance
2. reward dependence
3. novelty seeking
4. persistence

Question 24

Resilience definition?

Answer 24

dynamic process emcompassing positive adaptation during significant adversity

Question 25

resilience focussed on which pop?

Answer 25

adolescence

Question 26

Resilience is innate?

Answer 26

can be learned

Question 27

after adverse event 4 things can happen:

Answer 27

succumbing
survival with impairment
resilience
thriving

Question 28

Resilence does not mean?

Answer 28

avoidance of all stressors or adversity

Question 29

2 processes of resilience in later life?

Answer 29

assimilation: adjust environment
accommodation: adjust self